Prep1-essay4 整篇文章没看懂

lovepiao

up~其实阅读的话~不止这一篇看不懂的说。。。

angelazhao1010

The "unions' dilemma" mentioned in the highlighted text can best be described as the question of whether or not to







(A) pressure management to create more skilled and high-paying positions



(B) fight for greater union participation in management decisions



(C) include minority workers in their membership



(D) extend full rights and benefits to all their members



(E) emphasize the recruitment of new members over serving the needs of current members


为什么选D？

alpaca

这个问题要结合第二段整体考虑，因为第二段基本上都在陈述这个矛盾……

The accelerating development of the civil rights movement following the Second World War exacerbated the unions' dilemma,，dilemma前面有个the，说明是特指，也就是上文中有提到过。
那就往第二段前面的话看，有Unions faced a choice between either maintaining the prewar status quo or promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to ......看出这是一个选择。
下文又说：While union representatives often voiced this inclusive ideal, in practice unions far more often favored entrenched interests. 注意这个while和inpractice，表明了他们的心口不一。而inclusive前面的'this'表明这个“inclusive”在上文提到过，即“a more inclusive approach”的那个inclusive。
而dilemma出现的那句话就是说人权的发展加深了这种心口不一的矛盾。因此unions’ dilemma就是指是否要 sought for all members the right to

也就是答案D

文春三刀禾

Some historians contend that conditions in the
United States during the Second World War gave rise to a dynamic wartime alliance between trade unions and the African American community, an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights.They conclude that the postwar demise of this vital alliance constituted a lost opportunity for the civil rights movement that followed the war.Other scholars, however, have portrayed organized labor as defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers relative to African American workers.Clearly, these two perspectives are not easily reconcilable, but the historical reality is not reducible to one or the other.
一些历史学家认为二战期间黑人和公司的联合有利于推进黑人权利的解放，但是战后，黑人权利没有很好的解决。 一些学者认为工人一直在与白人老板战斗。 这个两种看法不容易调节，但是真相只有一个。







Unions faced a choice between either maintaining the prewar status quo or promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy, and protection against management's arbitrary authority in the workplace.While union representatives often voiced this inclusive ideal, in practice unions far more often favored entrenched interests.The accelerating development of the civil rights movement following the Second World War exacerbated the unions' dilemma, forcing trade unionists to confront contradictions in their own practices.

公司面临一个选择，是维持战前工人的原状，还是给他们提高待遇。 尽管，公司代表说要提高工人待遇，实际上所做的和所说的不合。 人权运动激化了公司的这个二难选择，公司也提高了工人的待遇。


11、公司的困境就是指是不是该给工人们提高待遇了。
12、第一段讲的是两派之争。 争的是公司和黑工的关系到底是怎样的。
13、文章先讲了两派之争，再讲了公司的二难选择
    所以

(E) extent to which African Americans benefited from social and political changes following the Second World War
是不对的。 因为黑人在二战中受益只是一个派别的观点。更重要的是提供一个背景来讨论黑人或者工人和公司的关系。其中就有对立的观点了。




差不多就是这样了！！！

aquatic

我试着解释一下


首先这篇文章开篇给出两个观点。
一个观点认为：U和黑人战时联盟是后来权利运动的推动力 (U和黑人是同一战线的)。而战后这种联盟的消失导致了这个期间内权利运动的消失。另一个观点认为：U只是为了保证白人的相对权益 (U和黑人是对立的)
第二段给出U实际困境。
U的困境：要么像战前一样保持不变，要么就把黑人也包括进来，和经理们抗争，以获得更好的工作地位和技能。尽管U口头上声称所有人都包括进来了，但实际上他们更倾向于既得利益(U说一套做一套)。后面权利运动的加速发展加大了U的困境，让他们不得不考虑以自己方式解决困境。




纵观整篇，第一段提出两个对立观点，第二段给出实际情况描述。所以，本文中心并不是讨论战时联盟发展的重要性(13题D选项)；文章中心是讨论两个观点，并且给出相应背景(U的实际困境)。所以主旨题应该选A

同样，12题我们也可以做出答案，两派观点的不同在于他们如何看待U与黑人的关系的(同一战线or对立)

Gracejessica

俺觉得吧

1-提出opposing points
Historians: U 和黑人联盟了，有积极意义，推动了 civil right movement.  
Scholars: U只顾白人利益才不care黑人弟兄；

2 -思考如何evaluate-----Clearly, these two perspectives are not easily reconcilable, but the histrotical reality is not reducible to one or the other---历史现实不是那么简单滴，并非不是一就是二哦。。我觉得这句话对理解主旨很有帮助

3--为啥这么不简单呢？因此U的背景环境是这样滴，很复杂很郁闷啊。。。。-U face 一个dilemma 到底维持现状还是进一步balabala...给黑人好处，但是U说一套做一套；然后说现在 civil right 又发展啦，U更陷入困境，U得自己想办法解决啦。。

说的不对欢迎拍砖~~

birdmiao

同意14楼的解释，说的太好了！

candice1989

求助13题。觉得A貌似是第一段的段落大意，而文章第二段和第一段之间没有逻辑关系。

carypig

Essay #4.  094      (21680-!-item-!-188;#058&00094-00)

Some historians contend that conditions in the United States during the Second World War gave rise to a dynamic wartime alliance between trade unions and the African American community, an alliance that advanced the cause of civil rights.  They conclude that the postwar demise of this vital alliance constituted a lost opportunity for the civil rights movement that followed the war.  Other scholars, however, have portrayed organized labor as defending all along the relatively privileged position of White workers relative to African American workers.  Clearly, these two perspectives are not easily reconcilable, but the historical reality is not reducible to one or the other.

Unions faced a choice between either maintaining the prewar status quo or promoting a more inclusive approach that sought for all members the right to participate in the internal affairs of unions, access to skilled and high-paying positions within the occupational hierarchy, and protection against management's arbitrary authority in the workplace.  While union representatives often voiced this inclusive ideal, in practice unions far more often favored entrenched interests.  The accelerating development of the civil rights movement following the Second World War exacerbated the unions' dilemma, forcing trade unionists to confront contradictions in their own practices.

Question #11.  094-01  (21726-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-01)

The "unions' dilemma" mentioned in the highlighted text can best be described as the question of whether or not to

(A) pressure management to create more skilled and high-paying positions

(B) fight for greater union participation in management decisions

(C) include minority workers in their membership

(D) extend full rights and benefits to all their members

(E) emphasize the recruitment of new members over serving the needs of current members

Question #12.  094-02  (21772-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-02)

According to the passage, the historians mentioned in the first highlighted portion of text and the scholars mentioned in the second highlighted portion disagree about the

(A) contribution made by organized labor to the war effort during the Second World War

(B) issues that union members considered most important during the Second World War

(C) relationship between unions and African Americans during the Second World War

(D) effect of the Second World War on the influence of unions in the workplace

(E) extent to which African Americans benefited from social and political changes following the Second World War

Question #13.  094-06  (21818-!-item-!-188;#058&000094-06)

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) providing a context within which to evaluate opposing viewpoints about a historical phenomenon

(B) identifying a flawed assumption underlying one interpretation of a historical phenomenon

(C) assessing the merits and weaknesses of a controversial theory about a historical phenomenon

(D) discussing the historical importance of the development of a wartime alliance

(E) evaluating evidence used to support a particular interpretation of a historical phenomenon

13题答案是A，不是很明白为什么是 A。我选了 D，反正这篇文章看的晕。

答案如下 ：

11. D   12. C  13. A

我也是没怎么看懂，有人能帮忙大致说一下文章的内容套路吗？

-- by 会员 qqiaoer (2009/8/4 18:51:00)

做PP的时候碰到了这道题，没怎么看懂。现在静下心来看懂了。虽然对上面几位朋友应该没什么用处了，还是说说我的想法吧。希望对以后的朋友有用。


具体的不说了，针对第三题讲。
第一段说，有些historian认为由于战争的推动作用，labor union和african american联合成了alliance, bla bla bla；但other scholars认为不然，他们觉得labor union一直就是在为white people争取权益。
第二段就说，其实labor union也是有delimma的，并解释这个delimma具体是什么东东。


所以整篇文章的重点是第二段。第一段是交代了两种相反的观点，第二段则是告诉我们，由于当时的历史环境，所以这两种情况会同时存在，也即所谓的delimma。
所以本题选A。

cloudballoon

grace....的解釋跟我的想法一樣!