以下粘贴自古镯jj一篇帖子:
Two recent publications offer different assessment of the career of the famous British nurse Florence Nightingale.（TS） A book by Anne Summers(负观点一) seeks to debunk（-） the idealizations and present a reality at odds with Nightingale’s heroic reputation. According to Summers, Nightingale’s importance
during the Crimean War has been exaggerated（-）: not until near the war’s end did she become supervisor of the female nurses. Additionally,（负观点二） Summers writes that the contribution of the nurses to the relief of the wounded was at best marginal（-）. The prevailing problems of military medicine were caused by army organizational practices, and the addition of a few nurses to the medical staff could be no more than symbolic（-）. Nightingale’s place in the national pantheon, Summers asserts, is largely due to the propagandistic efforts of contemporary newspaper reporters（-）.（略读）
By contrast,（转折）
the editors（正观点一） of a new volume of Nightingale’s letters view Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced（+） not only her own age but also subsequent generations. They
highlight（+/exaggerated） her ongoing efforts to reform sanitary conditions after the war(/during the Crimean War).
For example, 74 76when she learned that peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exceeded that of neighboring civilian populations, she succeeded（+） in persuading the government to establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army. She used sums raised through public contributions to found a nurses’ training hospital in London. Even in administrative matters, the editors assert, her practical intelligence was
formidable（+）: as recently as 1947 the British Army’s medical services were still using the cost-accounting system she had devised in the 1860’s.(略读)
I believe that（作者观点－正） the evidence of her letters supports（+） continued respect for Nightingale’s brilliance and creativity（+）.
When counseling a village schoolmaster to encourage children to use their faculties of observation, she sounds like a modern educator（+）. Her insistence on classifying the problems of the needy in order to devise appropriate treatments is similar to the approach of modern social workers（+）.（略读） In sum（TS）, although(转折) Nightingale may not have achieved all of her goals during the Crimean War, her breadth of vision and ability to realize ambitious projects（+） have earned her an eminent place（+） among the ranks of social pioneers（+）.
逻辑简图：
1．
N的贡献两个不同评价：TS… 负观点一（AS），debunk（-），exaggerated（-）… additionally负观点二
2． 正观点：bu contrast … 正观点（editiors），significantly influenced（+），highlight（+）… for example
3． 作者观点：I believe that… supports（+），brilliance and creativity（+）… in sum（TS），although（转折），eminent（+），pioneers（+）
总结：本文属于人文、评论型文章。首段提出2种针对N的不同评价,AS认为扩大了N在战中的影响；第二段，editors肯定N在战后的作用；末段，作者在承认N在战中未完全实现目标的基础上肯定了N的成就。
73. The passage is primarily concerned with evaluating主题题（首段提出先行对Nightingale的事业有different assessment，并列出负观点；二段相对于负观点，提出正观点）
1．
N的贡献两个不同评价：TS… 负观点一（AS），debunk（-），exaggerated（-）… additionally负观点二
2． 正观点：bu contrast … 正观点（editiors），significantly influenced（+），highlight（+）… for example
3． 作者观点：I believe that… supports（+），brilliance and creativity（+）… in sum（TS），although（转折），eminent（+），pioneers（+）
总结：本文属于人文、评论型文章。首段提出2种针对N的不同评价,AS认为扩大了N在战中的影响；第二段，editors肯定N在战后的作用；末段，作者在承认N在战中未完全实现目标的基础上肯定了N的成就。
73. The passage is primarily concerned with evaluating主题题（首段提出先行对Nightingale的事业有different assessment，并列出负观点；二段相对于负观点，提出正观点）
1．
N的贡献两个不同评价：TS… 负观点一（AS），debunk（-），exaggerated（-）… additionally负观点二
2． 正观点：bu contrast … 正观点（editiors），significantly influenced（+），highlight（+）… for example
3． 作者观点：I believe that… supports（+），brilliance and creativity（+）… in sum（TS），although（转折），eminent（+），pioneers（+）
总结：本文属于人文、评论型文章。首段提出2种针对N的不同评价,AS认为扩大了N在战中的影响；第二段，editors肯定N在战后的作用；末段，作者在承认N在战中未完全实现目标的基础上肯定了N的成就。
73. The passage is primarily concerned with evaluating主题题（首段提出先行对Nightingale的事业有different assessment，并列出负观点；二段相对于负观点，提出正观点）
(A) the importance of Florence Nightingale’s innovations in the field of nursing偏
(B) contrasting approaches to the writing of historical biography无
(C) contradictory accounts of Florence Nightingale’s historical significance
(D) the quality of health care in nineteenth-century England偏
(E) the effect of the Crimean War on developments in the field of health care无
74. According to the passage, the editors of Nightingale’s letters credit her with contributing to which of the following? 细节题（L22-27改写）
(A) Improving of the survival rate for soldiers in British Army hospitals during the Crimean War反（L21明确指出reform sanitary conditions after the war，言下之意improving of the survival rate是 after war而非during war）
(B) The development of a nurses’ training curriculum that was far in advance of its day无（training curriculum）
(C) The increase in the number of women doctors practicing in British Army hospitals混（是women nurses不是women doctors）
(D) Establishment of the first facility for training nurses at a major British university无（facility 、university）
(E) The creation of an organization for monitoring the peacetime living conditions of British soldiers
改写： establish a Royal Commission on the Health of the Army
peacetime living conditions in British barracks
75. The passage suggests which of the following about Nightingale’s relationship with the British public of her day? 推理题（由L5“heroic reputation”、L14“Nightingale’s place in the national pantheon”、L25-28在她的说服下，英国政府同意建立“军队健康皇家调查委员会”，可看出南丁格尔拥有高声望及政府的支持）
(A) She was highly respected, her projects receiving popular and governmental support.
(B) She encountered resistance both from the army establishment and the general public. 无
(C) She was supported by the working classes and opposed by the wealthier classes. 无
(D) She was supported by the military establishment but had to fight the governmental bureaucracy. 无
(E) After initially being received with enthusiasm, she was quickly forgotten. 无
76. The passage suggests which of the following about sanitary conditions in Britain after the Crimean War? 细节题（L22-25改写）
(A) While not ideal, they were superior to those in other parts of the world. 无（in other parts of the world）
(B) Compared with conditions before the war, they had deteriorated. 无（before the war）
(C) They were more advanced in rural areas than in the urban centers. 无（rural areas compare with urban centers）
(D) They were worse in military camps than in the neighboring civilian populations.
改写： peacetime living conditions in British barracks were so horrible that the death rate of enlisted men far exceeded that of neighboring civilian populations
(E) They were uniformly crude and unsatisfactory throughout England. 无（unsatisfactory throughout England）
77. Which of the following statements regarding the differing interpretations of Nightingale’s importance would the author most likely agree? 态度题（L40-44，在末段作者指出，尽管N may not have achieved all of her goals during the C war，这是相对第一段中S的观点N’s importance during the C war has been exaggerated而谈的，但作者最后的观点是肯定N是社会先驱的，理由在第二段after war，S忽略了N在战后的影响）
(A) Summers misunderstood both the importance of Nightingale’s achievements during the Crimean War and her subsequent influence on British policy. 反（作者肯定了S对于N在战争中的评价）
(B) The editors of Nightingale’s letters made some valid points about her practical achievements, but they still exaggerated her influence on subsequent generations. 反（L18-20 Nightingale as a person who significantly influenced not only her own age but also subsequent generations）
(C) Although Summers’ account of Nightingale’s role in the Crimean War may be accurate, she ignored evidence of Nightingales’ subsequent achievement that suggests that her reputation as an eminent social reformer is well deserved.
(D) The editors of Nightingale’s letters mistakenly propagated the outdated idealization of Nightingale that only impedes attempts to arrive at a balance assessment of her true role. 反（与作者的态度完全相反）
(E) The evidence of Nightingale’s letters supports Summers’ conclusions both about Nightingale’s activities and about her influence. 反（作者对于S的评价的态度是肯定一部分的基础上否决）
78. Which of the following is an assumption underlying the author’s assessment of Nightingale’s creativity? 逻辑题（L35-37，第三段为说明N的brilliance and creativity举了2个例子，其中“a modern educator”指乡村校长鼓励孩子自我观察的行为是modern的，暗喻在当时教育界里不提倡发展孩子的观察能力）
(A) Educational philosophy in Nightingale’s day did not normally emphasize developing children’s ability to observe.
(B) Nightingale was the first to notice the poor living conditions in British military barracks in peacetime.
(C) No educator before Nightingale had thought to enlist the help of village schoolmasters in introducing new teaching techniques.
(D) Until Nightingale began her work, there was no concept of organized help for the needy in nineteenth-century Britain.
(E) The British Army’s medical services had no cost-accounting system until Nightingale devised one in the 1860’s.
79. In the last paragraph, the author is
primarily concerned
with结构题（末段，作者用论据N的信supports观点“earned her an eminent place among the ranks of social pioneers”）
(A) summarizing the arguments about Nightingale presented in the first two paragraphs
(B) refuting the view of Nightingale’s career presented in the preceding paragraph
(C) analyzing the weaknesses of the evidence presented elsewhere in the passage
(D) citing evidence to support a view of Nightingale’s career
(E) correcting a factual error occurring in one of the works under review
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发表于 2008-3-3 09:34:00
