2008.2.23.开始的RC机经, 题目+黄金80篇的范文和分析

maxhu

    

8．  AA-40

    

The following appeared as part of an
article in a weekly newsmagazine.

    

“The country of Sacchar can best solve its
current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of sugar, its primary
export. Such an action would make Sacchar better able to compete for markets
with other sugar-exporting countries. The sale of Sacchar’s sugar abroad would
increase, and this increase would substantially reduce Sacchar’s trade
deficit.”

    

一份周刊上的文章：
            

Sacchar国解决其赤字的最好方法是降低其主要出口物糖的价格。这一举动将使Sacchar与其他糖出口国更好的竞争。Sacchar出口的糖将会增加，这一增长将实在地降低Sacchar的贸易赤字。

    

1比起价格下降而带来的损失产量提高的影响是不是更大不是定数Increasing sales by lowering the price of sugar
will not yeild an increase in income unless the increase in sales is sufficient
to overcome the loss in income due to the lower price. in the absence of ...

    

2可能性价比本来就很有竞争力了不需要降价，也可能价格已经很低了没有降低的空间了

    

3降低进口可能是一个更好的办法A trade-deficit occurs when a country spends more on imports
than it earns from exports. However, the author provides no evidence that
substantiates this assumption. It is possible that revenues from imports will
increase dramatically in the near future; if so, the course of action proposed
by the author might be unnecessary to solve Sacchar's trade deficit proplem. To
the extent that this is the case...

    

The author of this article argues that the country of Sacchar can
best solve its current trade deficit problem by lowering the price of its main
export, sugar. The line of reasoning is that this action would make Sacchar
more competitive with other sugar-exporting countries, thereby increasing sales
of Sacchar’s sugar abroad and, in turn, substantially reducing the
trade-deficit. This line of reasoning is unconvincing for a couple of reasons.

    

In the first place, this argument is based on an oversimplified analysis of the trade deficit problem
Sacchar currently faces. A trade-deficit occurs when a country spends more on
imports than it earns from exports. The author’s argument relies on the
assumption that earnings from imports will remain constant. However, the author
provides no evidence that substantiates this
assumption. It is possible that revenues from imports will increase
dramatically in the near future; if so, the course of action proposed by the
author might be unnecessary to solve Sacchar’s trade deficit problem.
Conversely, it is possible that revenues from imports are likely to decrease
dramatically in the near future. To the extent that
this is the case, lowering sugar prices may have a negligible
countervailing effect, depending on the demand for Sacchar’s sugar.

    

In the second place, increasing sales by lowering the price of sugar
will not yield an increase in income unless the increase in sales is sufficient
to overcome the loss in income due to the lower price. This raises three
questions the author fails to address. First, will a price decrease in fact
stimulate demand? Second, is demand sufficient to meet the increase in supply?
Third, can Sacchar increase the sugar production sufficiently to overcome the
deficit? In the absence of answers to these
questions, we cannot assess the author’s proposal.

    

In conclusion, the author provides an incomplete analysis of the
problem and, as a result, provides a questionable solution. To better evaluate
the proposal, we would need to know how revenues from imports are likely to
change in the future. To strengthen the argument, the author must provide
evidence that demand is sufficient to meet the proposed increase in supply, and
that Sacchar has sufficient resources to accommodate
the increase.

    

 

    

9．  AA-112

    

The following appeared in a memo to the Saluda town council from the town’s business
manager.

    

“Research indicates that those who exercise
regularly are hospitalized less than half as often as those who don’t exercise.
By providing a well-equipped gym for Saluda’s
municipal employees, we should be able to reduce the cost of our group health
insurance coverage by approximately 50% and thereby achieve a balanced town
budget.”

    

Saluda镇的商业管理者给镇议会的备忘录：
            

        研究显示有规律地锻炼的人生病的概率比不运动的人要小一半。通过给Saluda的市政雇员提供一个设备良好的体育馆，我们应该可以大约减少50％的健康保险支出并得到平衡的镇预算。

    

1.       There is no causal relationship between the
development of the employees' health and the provision of a well-equipped gym.

    

2.       Therefore, the reduction of the cost of group
health insurance coverage expected by the author is not guaranteed.

    

3.       Even if the provision of the gym can cause a
reduction of the cost, no one can rely on it to achieve a balanced town budget
since the health incidents occur very randomly.

    

 

    

In this memo
        Saluda’s business manager
recommends that the town provide a gym for its
employees as a means of balancing the town’s budget. The manager reasons that
since studies show that people who exercise regularly are hospitalized less than half
as often than those who don’t exercise, Saluda could save approximately
50% on the cost of its group health insurance coverage by providing its
employees with a well-equipped gym. The savings on insurance would balance the
town’s budget. The manager’s argument is unconvincing because it rests on
several unsupported and dubious assumptions.

    

First, the manager assumes that Saluda’s employees will exercise regularly if a well-equipped facility is
provided for them. This assumption is questionable
since the mere fact that a gym is made available for employee use is no guarantee that they will avail themselves of it
at all, let alone on a regular basis.

    

Second, the manager assumes that Saluda’s employees do not exercise regularly. Once again, the manager
offers no support for this crucial assumption. Obviously, if all of Sauda’s employees
already engage in daily exercise, the hospitalization
rate will be unaffected by equipping an exercise facility and no savings will
be realized on the group health insurance.

    

Third, the manager assumes that there is a direct relation between
the hospitalization rate for employees and the cost of their group health
insurance such that a reduction in the
hospitalization rate will result in a corresponding reduction in the cost of
insurance. While this may turn out to be true, the manager has failed to offer
any evidence for this claim.

    

Finally, the manager assumes that the cost of building a
well-equipped exercise facility will not negate
the savings realized on the group health insurance. Until evidence has been
provided to show that this is not the case, the
manager’s plan is unacceptable.

    

In conclusion, the business manager’s proposal to provide an
exercise facility as a means of balancing Saluda’s budget is not convincing. To strengthen the argument, evidence
would have to be provided for each of the assumptions listed in the previous
analysis.

maxhu

    

10．             
AA-108

    

The following appeared as part of a
business plan created by the management of the Take
                Heart
                Fitness
                Center.

    

“After opening the new swimming pool early
last summer, Take Heart saw a 12 percent increase in the use of the center by members.
Therefore, in order to increase the number of our members and thus our
revenues, which depend on membership fees, we should continue to add new
recreational facilities in subsequent years: for example, a multipurpose game
room, a tennis court, and a miniature golf course. Being the only center in the
area offering this range of activities would give us a competitive advantage in
the health and recreation market.”

    

Take Heart健身中心的管理者起草的商业计划：
            

        去年夏天开了新的游泳池以后，TH发现会员对中心的使用率增加了12％。因此，为了增加我们的会员数量和决定于会员费的收入，我们应该在以后几年中继续增加新的娱乐设施：比如，一个多功能游戏室，一个网球场，一个迷你高尔夫球场。作为本地唯一一家提供各种活动的健身中心，我们将在健身和娱乐市场建立竞争优势。

    

1.       
忽略他因。

    

2.       
错误类比。

    

3.       
收入和支出

    

 

    

1.        
causal
oversimplification

    

2.        
a
benefit-cost analysis should be given

    

3.        
Whether
the proposed recreational facilities are popular among the people of this area
is unknown.

    

 

    

Because Take
            Heart
            Fitness
            Center experienced a 12 percent increase in member usage as a result of
opening a new swimming pool last summer, the author recommends the addition of
new recreational facilities in subsequent years as a means of increasing
membership in Take Heart. The author’s recommendation is problematic for
several reasons.

    

First, and foremost, the
author assumes that an increase in member usage portends
an increase in membership. This assumption may hold true in some cases.
However, it is unlikely to hold true in the case at
hand, because it is reasonable to expect that members would visit the
fitness center to inspect and try out the new swimming pool. This would account
for the increase in usage. However, since the author provides no evidence that
this new rate of usage was sustained, the abrupt increase in usage provides
little evidence that the addition of facilities such as the pool will attract new
members.

    

Second, the author assumes that the addition of the swimming pool
was responsible for the increase in member usage. However, the only evidence
for this claim is insufficient to establish the causal claim in question. While
temporal precedence is one of the conditions required to establish a causal
relationship between two events, by itself it is not a sufficient condition. Consequently,
it is possible that the addition of the pool was unrelated to the increase in
usage in the manner required by the author’s argument.

    

Finally, the author has provided no evidence to support the
contention that Take Heart will be the only center in the area to offer a wide
range of activities to its members and thus have a competitive advantage in the
fitness market.

    

In conclusion, the author’s belief that adding additional
            recreational
facilities will increase Take Heart’s membership is ill-founded. To
strengthen the argument the author would have to provide evidence that member
usage is reliable indicator of new membership. Additionally, it would be
necessary to show that the cause of the increase in usage was the opening of
the new pool.

    

 

    

11．             
AA-16

    

The following appeared as part of an
article in the education section of a Waymarsh
                City newspaper.

    

“Throughout the last two decades, those who
earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their
academic specialties at the college level. Those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh
                University had an especially hard time finding such
jobs. But better times are coming in the next decade for all academic job
seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends indicate that an
increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next ten
years; consequently, we can expect that the job market will improve
dramatically for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their
fields.”

    

Waymarsh城日报教育版的一篇文章：
            

        过去的20年内，研究生毕业生发现找到在大学教授他们的学术专长的工作是很困难的。那些从Waymarsh获得研究生学位的要找到这类工作尤其困难。但在下个10年，寻找学术工作的人（包括那些Waymarsh大学的）的好日子要来了。人口统计趋势显示达到上大学年龄的人将在未来10年增加。我们可预期对那些在他们的领域寻找大学教学工作的人来说，工作市场将显著增大。

    

1.     
适龄人口增加不一定上大学人数就一定增加

    

2.     
就算上大学人数增加需要的大学老师也不一定增加

    

3.     
就算需要的老师增加,waymarsh的就业也不见得会水涨船高.

    

 

    

1，            
人口增加也不一定都上大学。很可能都选择了就业。

    

2，            
even if we
grant the preceding assumption上大学的人多了不一定需要更多老师，很可能大学通过增大一个班人数的方式，保持原有老师数；

    

3，            
就算需要GRADUATED DEGREE的人，也不代表W也会benefit from this trend，缺少信息，它可能是一个质量不好的大学，学校不会从这里的人中挑选。foretold regarding the employability

    

 

    

Demographic trends that indicate an increase in the number of college-aged people over the next ten years lead the
author to predict an improved job market for all people seeking college-level
teaching positions in their academic disciplines. Moreover, the author argues
that since Waymarsh
            University students with advanced degrees had an especially difficult time
finding teaching jobs in the past, these trends portend
better times ahead for Waymarsh graduates. This argument is problematic in
three important respects.

    

First, the author assumes that an increase in the number of
college-aged people over the next decade will necessarily result in an increase
in the number of people who attend college during this period. While this is a reasonable assumption, it is by no means a
certainty. For example, a world war or economic depression in the next
decade would certainly nullify this
expectation.

    

Second, even if we grant the
preceding assumption, we must also consider the additional assumption that
increased university enrollments will lead to an increase in teaching positions
in all fields. However, it might turn out that some teaching specialties are in
greater demand than others in the future, resulting in a disproportionate
number of teaching positions available in various fields. Consequently, persons
trained in some fields might find it more difficult, if
not impossible, to find teaching jobs in the future.

    

Finally, little can be foretold
regarding the employability of Waymarsh
graduates in the future based on the information provided in the argument.
Lacking information about the reasons why Waymarsh graduates had an especially
difficult time finding teaching jobs, it is difficult to assess their prospects
for the future. It is probable, however, that
since Waymarsh has had an especially hard time placing graduates in the past,
the mere fact that more jobs are available will not, by
itself, ensure that Waymarsh graduates will have an easier time finding
teaching jobs during the next decade.

    

In conclusion, this argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the
argument, the author must provide evidence that the only major trend in the
next decade will be an increase in the number of people reaching college age.
Regarding the future prospects for Waymarsh graduates, the author must provide
evidence that there were no idiosyncratic
reasons that prevented them from finding jobs in the past.

maxhu

    

12．             
AA-B9

    

The following appeared in a memorandum to a
team developing accounting software for SmartPro Software, Inc.:

    

“Currently, more professional accountants
use SmartPro accounting software than any other brand. However, in the market
for personal accounting software for non-professionals to use in preparing
their income tax returns, many of our competitors are outselling us. In
surveys, our professional customers repeatedly say that they have chosen
SmartPro Software because our most sophisticated software products include more
advanced special features than competing brands. Therefore, the most effective
way for us to increase sales of our personal accounting software for home users
would clearly be to add the advanced special features that our professional software
products currently offer.”

    

 

    

13．             
AA-11

    

The following appeared in the editorial
section of a local newspaper.

    

“In the first four years that Montoya has
served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the
unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new
business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years
before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased.
Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted
Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.”

    

地方性报纸的编者按：
            

        在Montoya当San Perdito市长的头4年里，人口下降而失业率上升。每当一个新企业开业，就有两个旧的关门。而在Montoya之前Uarro当市长的4年里，失业率下降人口增长。很明显，San Perdito的居民重新选举Varro而非Montoya会得到更好的服务。

    

1.       
It is fallacious reasoning unless other
possible casual explanations have been considered and ruled out. recession
depression downturn低迷时期 is part of a
picture of ... mayor

    

2.       
set the stage for Yet another possibility
is that Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varro's own
administration set the stage for the unemployment and the decline in population
.

    

3.       
availability emotionally intentionally
specific specifically anger angry citizen thereby bypass

    

4.       
cast one's vote for sb. eliminate abolish
casual emotional appeal

    

 

    

1，     缺乏standard ratio of the closed business to
new business in the whole country, 不能说两个倒闭一个开就是坏事，很可能淘汰eliminate through selection or contest了out of date的企业，建立了更多具有competitive
advantages
        的企业。也是好事。

    

2，     未排除他因造成了不同。很可能是因为在P在任期间，全国的经济不景气，造成了事业更增加。而不是两个市长的不同。假定过去和现在一样，也是个错误！recession depression downturn低迷时期

    

 

    

The recommendation endorsed in this argument is that residents of
San Perdito vote current mayor Montoya out of office, and re-elect former mayor
Varro. The reasons cited are that during Montoya’s four years in office the
population has decreased while unemployment has increased, whereas during Varro’s
term unemployment declined while the population grew. This argument involves
the sort of gross oversimplification and emotional appeal typical of political
rhetoric; for this reason it is unconvincing.

    

First of all, the author assumes that the Montoya administration
caused the unemployment in San Perdito as well as its population loss. The line
of reasoning is that because Montoya was elected before the rise in
unemployment and the decline in population, the former event caused the latter.
But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have
been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps a statewide or nationwide
recession is the cause of these events. Or perhaps the current economic
downturn is part of a larger picture of economic cycles and trends, and has
nothing to do with who happens to be mayor. Yet another possibility is that
Varro enjoyed a period of economic stability and Varro’s own administration set
the stage for the unemployment and the decline in population the city is now
experiencing under Montoya.

    

Secondly, job availability and the economic health of one’s
community are issues that affect people emotionally. The argument at hand might
have been intentionally oversimplified for the specific purpose of angering citizens
of San Perdito, and thereby turning them against the incumbent mayor. Arguments
that bypass relevant, complex reasoning in favor of stirring up emotions do
nothing to establish their conclusions; they are also unfair to the parties
involved.

    

In conclusion, I would not cast my vote for Varro on the basis of
this weak argument. The author must provide support for the assumption that
Mayor Montoya has caused San Perdito’s poor economy. Moreover, such support
would have to involve examining and eliminating other possible causal factors.
Only with more convincing evidence could this argument become more than just an
emotional appeal.

    

 

    

14．             
AA-44

    

The following is part of a business plan
created by the management of the Megamart grocery store.

    

“Our total sales have increased this year
by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our grocery store. Clearly,
the customer’s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop shopping.
The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple of years,
therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies
and repair shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and
services, such as a restaurant and a garden shop, in subsequent years. Being
the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a
competitive advantage over other local stores.”

    

Megamart杂货店的管理层的商务计划：
            

        由于我们在杂货店内加了药剂部分，今年我们的总体销售额增加了20%。显然，顾客主要关注的是一次性购物的便利性。在今后两年内提高我们的利润的最佳方法是增加一个成衣部门和一个汽车配件和维修商店。我们同时也应该在最后的纪念中继续增加新的部门和服务，比如餐馆，园艺商店。成为本地唯一的提供如此广泛服务的商店将给我们带来超越其他商店的竞争优势。

    

1.        
总体销售额增加20%利润不一定也会相应增加

    

2.        
销售额的增加不一定是由于增加了这个部门造成的

    

3.        
以后是否还会有如此效果不一定。因为可能已经有企业提供更专业更优质的商品和服务。

    

 

    

1.       
没有建立因果。sequence不能证明因果。不知道收入来自哪个section. 很可能是有其他的原因：很可能是pharmacy没有利润。利润来自其他的部分。比如食品等，质量提高，或者经济情况好，人们有更多的demand。

    

2.       
销售额增加不一定是profit增加。

    

3.       
错误类比：就算加入了pharmacy引起了收入提高，也不能说增加的clothing和其他也会引起收入。很可能人们不是因为convenience，而是对medicine的需要。很可能其他的，人们更愿意到special shops。

    

 

    

The management of the Megamart
grocery store concludes that adding new departments and services is the surest
way to increase profits over the next couple of years. They
are led to this conclusion because of a 20 percent increase in total
sates, realized after the addition of a pharmacy section to the grocery store.
On the basis of this experience, they concluded that the convenience of one-stop shopping was the main concern of their
customers. The management’s argument is faulty
in several respects.

    

In the first place, the management assumes that the increase in
total sales was due to the addition of the pharmacy section. However, the only
evidence offered to support this conclusion is the fact that the addition of
the pharmacy preceded the increase in sales.
But the mere fact that the pharmacy section was added before the increase
occurred is insufficient grounds to conclude that it was responsible for the
increase. Many other factors could bring about this same result. Lacking a
detailed analysis of the source of the sales increase, it would be sheer folly to attribute the increase to the addition
of the pharmacy section.

    

In the second place, even if it were the
case that the increase in total sales was due to the addition of the
pharmacy section, this fact alone is insufficient to
support the claim that adding additional departments will increase sales
even further. It is quite possible that the addition of the pharmacy section
increased sales simply because there was no other pharmacy in the vicinity. The additional proposed departments
and services, on the other hand, might be well represented in the area and
their addition might have no impact whatsoever
on the profits of the store. In other words, there may be relevant differences
between the pharmacy section and the additional proposed sections that preclude
them from having a similar effect on the sales of the store.

    

In conclusion, the management’s argument is not well-reasoned. To strengthen the conclusion, the
management must provide additional evidence linking the addition of the
pharmacy section to the increase in total sales. It must also show that there
are no exceptional reasons for the sales
increase due to the pharmacy section that would not apply to the other proposed
additions.

maxhu

    

15．             
AA-86

    

The following appeared as part of an
article in the business section of a daily newspaper.

    

“Company A has a large share of the
international market in video-game hardware and software. Company B, the
pioneer in these products, was once a $12 billion-a-year giant but collapsed
when children became bored with its line of products. Thus Company A can also
be expected to fail, especially given the fact that its games are now in so
many American homes that the demand for them is nearly exhausted.”

    

日报的商业版：
            

        公司a在视频游戏的硬件软件方面有很大的国际市场份额。公司b是这些产品的先锋，而且曾经一度是年收入120亿元的巨人，但在孩子们厌倦了它的系列产品后崩溃了。因此公司a也将失败，考虑到它的产品已经占据了那么多的美国家庭，对他的需求已经接近枯竭。

    

1，   类比错误。是否由share导致的。

    

2，   A很可能生产出新的产品。

    

 

    

In this argument the author reasons that the failure of Company B
portends a similar fate for Company A. The grounds for this prediction are
similarities that exist between the two companies. The line of reasoning is
that since both companies produce video-game hardware and software and both
enjoy a large share of the market for these products, the failure of one is a
reliable predictor of the failure of the other. This argument is unconvincing.

    

The major problem with the argument is that the stated similarities
between Company A and B are insufficient to support the conclusion that Company
A will suffer a fate similar to Company B’s. In fact, the similarities stated
are irrelevant to that conclusion. Company B did not fail because of its market
share or because of the general type of product it produced; it failed because
children became bored with its particular line of products. Consequently, the
mere fact that Company A holds a large share of the video-game hardware and
software market does not support the claim that Company A will also fail.

    

An additional problem with the argument is that there might be
relevant differences between Company A and Company B, which further undermine
the conclusion. For example, Company A’s line of products may differ from
Company B’s in that children do not become bored with them. Another possible
difference is that Company B’s share of the market may have been entirely
domestic whereas Company A has a large share of the international market.

    

In conclusion this is a weak argument. To strengthen the conclusion
the author would have to show that there are sufficient relevant similarities
between Company A and Company B as well as no relevant differences between
them.

    

 

    

 

    

16．             
AA-2

    

The following appeared in a memorandum from
the business department of the Apogee Company.

    

“When the Apogee Company had all its
operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is today. Therefore,
the Apogee Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its
operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve
profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better
supervision of all employees.”

    

下面摘自APogee公司的商务部门的备忘录：
            

        当Apogee将它所有的业务部门集中在一处时，它将有比现在更多的利润。因此，Apogee应该关闭它的驻外办公室并从单一场所管理它的所有部门。这样的话，集中会通过削减成本提高利润，并帮助公司更好地对所有员工进行监督。

    

1.       
causal oversimplification: It is imprudent
to conclude that the establishment of the field offices is the only reason
explaining the decline of the profit.

    

2.       
all things are equal: The success of the
centralization of the past does not guarantee the applicability in the future.

    

3.       
either-or-or choice: The  author assumes that the centralization and
the establishment of field offices are mutually exclusive alternatives, there
is no middle ground between they two. In fact, we can have the field offices
under centralized control.

    

 

    

In
this argument the author concludes that the Apogee Company should close down field offices and conduct all its
operations from a single, centralized location because the company had been
more profitable in the past when all its operations were in one location. For a
couple of reasons, this argument is not very convincing.

    

First,
the author assumes that centralization would improve profitability by cutting
costs and streamlining supervision of
employees. This assumption is never supported with any data or projections. Moreover, the assumption fails to take
into account cost increases and inefficiency that could result from
centralization. For instance, company representatives would have to travel to
do business in areas formerly served by a field office, creating travel costs
and loss of critical time. In short, this
assumption must be supported with a thorough cost-benefit analysis of
centralization versus other possible cost-cutting and/or profit-enhancing
strategies.

    

Second,
the only reason offered by the author is the claim that Apogee was more
profitable when it had operated from a single, centralized location. But is
centralization the only difference relevant to greater past profitability? It
is entirely possible that management has become lax regarding any number of
factors that can affect the bottom line (帐本底线) such as inferior products, careless
product pricing, inefficient production, poor employee expense account monitoring,
ineffective advertising, sloppy 肥大的buying
policies and other wasteful spending. Unless the author can rule out other
factors relevant to diminishing profits, this argument commits the fallacy of
assuming that just because one event (decreasing profits) follows another
(decentralization), the second event has been caused by the first.

    

In
conclusion, this is a weak argument. To strengthen the conclusion that Apogee
should close field offices and centralize, this author must provide a thorough
cost-benefit analysis of available alternatives and rule
out factors other than decentralization that might be affecting current
profits negatively.

    

 

    

42. The following appeared in the opinion
section of a national newsmagazine.

    

“To reverse the
deterioration of the postal service, the government should raise the price of
postage stamps. This solution will no doubt prove effective, since the price
increase will generate larger revenues and will also reduce the volume of mail,
thereby eliminating the strain on the existing system and contributing to
improved morale.”

    

Discuss how well
reasoned... etc.

    

全国性新闻杂志的意见栏：
            

        为了转变邮政服务退化的状况，政府应该提高邮资邮票的价格。这个解决方法将毫无疑问是有效的。因为价格提升会产生更大的收益而且会减少邮件数量，从而消除目前系统中存在的紧张并有助于提高士气

    

1价格提高带来的增加和数量减少带来的减少哪个大不是定数

    

2收益增加并不一定就会提高士气，因为他们的工资很可能是固定工资而不是绩效工资。

    

3其他方法可能更有效果。例如减低成本，把固定工资改成绩效工资。

    

 

    

1，            
收入是否会增加？因为volume会减少。

    

2，            
士气与volume的减少是否有关系？很可能工资是fixed salary，不会被其他改变。

    

3，            
是否有其他的办法？比如引进技术，减少成本等等。

    

 

    

The author concludes that a postage-stamp price
increase is needed to reduce the deterioration of the postal service. The
author reasons that raising the price of stamps will accomplish this goal
because it will generate more revenue, thereby eliminating the strain on the
system. The author further reasons that a price increase will also reduce the
volume of mail, thereby improving the morale of postal workers. The reasoning
in this argument is problematic in three respects.

    

The main problem with the argument is the
author’s mistaken assumption that eliminating strain on the system and
improving employee morale are mutually achievable by way of an increase in
stamp prices. A price increase will generate more revenue only if the volume of
mail remains constant or increases. But, if the volume of mail increases or
remains constant, worker morale will not be improved. On the other hand, if the
price increase reduces the volume of mail, revenues may decrease, and the
strain on the system will not be eliminated. Consequently, eliminating the
strain on the system and improving the morale of the workers cannot both be
achieved by simply raising the price of postage stamps.

    

Secondly, the author’s conclusion that the
proposed price increase is necessary to reduce deterioration of the postal
service relies on the assumption that no other action would achieve the same
result. However, the author provides no evidence to substantiate this
assumption. It is possible, for example, that careful cost-cutting measures
that do not decrease worker morale might achieve the same goal. It is also
possible that other revenue-enhancing measures that do not undermine employee
morale are available.

    

Thirdly, the author unfairly assumes that
reducing mail volume and increasing revenues will improve employee morale. This
is not necessarily the case. It is possible that employee morale is materially
improved only by other means, and that additional revenues will not be used in
ways that improve morale. It is also possible that a decrease in mail volume
will result in a reduction of the size of the labor force, regardless of
revenues, which in turn might undermine morale.

    

In conclusion, the author’s proposed
solution to the problem of the deterioration of the postal service will not
work. Raising postage-stamp prices cannot bring about both of the outcomes the
author identifies as being necessary to solve the problem. Before we can accept
the argument, the author must modify the proposal accordingly and must provide
more information about the relationship between employee morale and mail
volume.

bjhcm

大好人，祝杀G成功

xyzGZ

谢谢LZ!继续加油!!!!

focusspeed

so great, very appreciate it.

bjhcm

谢谢，大好人

mych666666

太感谢了！ 写作感觉有着落了。

plato1983

十分感谢