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Reading 第一篇：动物养殖对Iceland造成的环境灾难：soil erosion, vanish of plants… 科学家通过三种方式来检测养殖对环境造成的变化 pollen analysis, 火山灰（tephra）检测, Carbon-14 dating
第二篇：asexual production Asexual production 是早期单细胞原始动物和invertebrate Animals (无脊椎动物)的主要繁殖方式。Asexual production 分三种：fusion, budding and fragmentation. 早期single cell主要是fusion，即一个细胞一份为二。 Asexual通常发生在stable environment, and it’s seasonal. Asexual 缺点是会发生mutation，而且突变的基因通常是lethal and toxic. 第三篇：permafrost
第三篇：permafrost 解释what is permafrost Needle ice的形成过程，最后指出needle ice 是riverbank soil erosion的主要原因。 Needle lenses, 与needle ice 同是ice segregation, 但needle lenses 是横向长的。 Needle ice/lenses的作用是rearrangement of soil water. 最后说到zero curtain effect, 即 the heat released by freezing of ice balance the cold weather, 所以在长期寒冷的气候下蔬菜反而不会结冰。
Listening 一共听了3个section, 共9题。 1. 某女生不想参加orientation day, 学校办公室答应给她教授电话，让她事先联系。 2. 某男和graphic design 老师讨论 assignment of business card design. It’s marking of yourself. The boy also mentions he has ideas for his final design project:: cover for one vintage car magazine 3. 某男和老师讨论论文的topic。他原想写早期bird migration theory。
但老师建议他要真正反映这一个学期他所学到的东西，要理解不要单纯的describe theory。建议他拿早期理论和现今科学发现进行比较。 4. the development of inuit art 5. tyrant 在BC6世纪是指那些没有通过constituional process而掌权的人，和今天的“暴君”定义略有不同。讨论当时导致tyrant产生的社会经济变革。贵族拥有土地，但经济条件逐渐没落。而另一部分人通过贸易变得富有。于是双方交换，tyrant获得权力，贵族获得经济利益。 6. 植物主要按照species, family, order分类。同一科、纲下的植物通常都有类似的外形和特点。但是Rafflesia就很难按照外形简单分类。详细介绍了rafflesia的特点。 7. discuss the role of instrument in the popularity of music. Take the example of how piano promoted the popularity of ragtime in late 18th and early 19th century. Today, jazz is an improvised ragtime.
8. tropical rain forest in Amazon flooded rain forest, less plant and animal, two types: white forest: rich in nutrients/minerals, more plants can adapt to white forest black forest: acid water Speaking
Speaking 1. describe one object that has you value, and explain why. 2. first observation can tell a person or you need to take more time to know a person. Which one you support, and why? 3. One university plans to build a new art building. 一个女学生支持这个计划，原因：1.现在的环境太dim，学艺术的学生在作画的时候需要明亮的光线，所以要造新楼。2. 吸引更多的学生入学 总结该女生对盖楼计划的态度，以及原因。 4. quoted out of context 做marketing的人常常引用名人的话，来证明自己的产品很好，但往往这种手段是断章取义. It’s misleading to potential customers. 文章举例说以前有部movie,援引一个批评家的评论，但是断章取义误导消费者。 口述：what is quoted out of context, and describle the example 5. the boy erased his paper on computer, no backup. He has to email the paper to his professor by midnight today. The girl provided two suggestions: 1. call computer helpdesk, they have people to deal emergency after day hour,but it’s expensive. 2. ask his professor for extension 口述：what are the two suggestions? Which one you recommend? 6. introduce two types of innovation: a. intentional: inventors identified the needs, they invent product to improve life or meet people’ needs. Example: the invention of bifocal eye glasses enables people to see distand and close-up objects only using one pair of glasses. b. accidental: discovered by chance. The example is invention of X-rays during electricity experiment. 口述：describle two types of innovation and examples. Writing
Writing 第一篇 Chimpanzees share much human’s ability to learn language Evidence 1:chimpanzees can learn vocabulary 反驳：researchers need to teach them to learn each sign again and again. Human, even in childhood, has instinctive language capability. Evidence 2: chimpanzees can learn grammar 反驳：chimpanzees can simply put a couple of words together, on entirely different level compared with human Evidence 3: chimpanzees can carry conversation 反驳：chimpanzees are passive and not responding. They never talk with other chimpazees.
第二篇 Renewable sources of energy (sun, wind, water) will not soon replace fossil fuels (oil, gas,coal).
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发表于 2008-2-24 17:35:00
