[求助]GWD3-40的E选项高人给解决一下，谢谢

Drakedragon

For most people, the left half of the brain controls linguistic capabilities, but some people have their language centers in the right half.  When a language center of the brain is damaged, for example by a stroke, linguistic capabilities are impaired in some way.  Therefore, people who have suffered a serious stroke on the left side of the brain without suffering any such impairment must have their language centers in the right half.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the reasoning in the argument above depends?

No part of a person’s brain that is damaged by a stroke ever recovers.
Impairment of linguistic capabilities does not occur in people who have not suffered any damage to any language center of the brain.
Strokes tend to impair linguistic capabilities more severely than does any other cause of damage to language centers in the brain.
If there are language centers on the left side of the brain, any serious stroke affecting that side of the brain damages at least one of them.
It is impossible to determine which side of the brain contains a person’s language centers if the person has not suffered damage to either side of the brain

正确答案是D，我也明白了，但是我当初错选E，现在也没搞懂E项怎么解释，对结论有什么影响，总之对E项有点一团乱麻的感觉，望高人指点

Drakedragon

Q25:
Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty.  It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity.  However, a study has found that almost all scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their fields late and less than a dozen years before their creative breakthroughs.  Since creative breakthroughs by scientists under forty also generally occur within a dozen years of the scientist’s entry into the field, the study’s finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not due to age but rather because most have spent too long in their fields.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A The first is the position that the argument as a whole defends; the second is evidence that is advanced as part of that defense.
B The first and second are both claims that have been advanced in support of a position that the argument as a whole opposes.
C The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second provides evidence in support of a competing explanation that the argument defends.
D The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is evidence that has been used against an alternative explanation that the argument defends.
E The first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is evidence that has been used to challenge that explanation

还有这道，答案是C，但是我看不出C和D有什么明显的区别，望高手一并指导，谢谢

gonghao

以下是引用Drakedragon在2008-1-5 14:09:00的发言：

For most people, the left half of the brain controls linguistic capabilities, but some people have their language centers in the right half.  When a language center of the brain is damaged, for example by a stroke, linguistic capabilities are impaired in some way.  Therefore, people who have suffered a serious stroke on the left side of the brain without suffering any such impairment must have their language centers in the right half.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the reasoning in the argument above depends?

No part of a person’s brain that is damaged by a stroke ever recovers.
Impairment of linguistic capabilities does not occur in people who have not suffered any damage to any language center of the brain.
Strokes tend to impair linguistic capabilities more severely than does any other cause of damage to language centers in the brain.
If there are language centers on the left side of the brain, any serious stroke affecting that side of the brain damages at least one of them.
It is impossible to determine which side of the brain contains a person’s language centers if the person has not suffered damage to either side of the brain

正确答案是D，我也明白了，但是我当初错选E，现在也没搞懂E项怎么解释，对结论有什么影响，总之对E项有点一团乱麻的感觉，望高人指点

E更多像infer的题的答案，即把题目中的therefore，换成E，可以构成一个逻辑关系

但是前提不清，造成有着被weaken的印象

但是题目要求是assumption，因此要根据题目的结论来进行回答。此题有明确的结论，即therefore后的内容。

D如果不成立，则结论必不成立，因此D是答案

gonghao

以下是引用Drakedragon在2008-1-5 15:03:00的发言：

Q25:
Scientists typically do their most creative work before the age of forty.  It is commonly thought that this happens because aging by itself brings about a loss of creative capacity.  However, a study has found that almost all scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the age of forty entered their fields late and less than a dozen years before their creative breakthroughs.  Since creative breakthroughs by scientists under forty also generally occur within a dozen years of the scientist’s entry into the field, the study’s finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty rarely produce highly creative work is not due to age but rather because most have spent too long in their fields.

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A The first is the position that the argument as a whole defends; the second is evidence that is advanced as part of that defense.
B The first and second are both claims that have been advanced in support of a position that the argument as a whole opposes.
C The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second provides evidence in support of a competing explanation that the argument defends.
D The first is an explanation that the argument challenges; the second is evidence that has been used against an alternative explanation that the argument defends.
E The first is an explanation that the argument defends; the second is evidence that has been used to challenge that explanation

还有这道，答案是C，但是我看不出C和D有什么明显的区别，望高手一并指导，谢谢

D是错的，D的后半部分说：第二个黑体是用来反对文章支持的解释的。

第二个黑体明显是用来支持结论的。

Drakedragon

谢谢版主哥哥，第二个其实后来我看懂了，以后争取不因为这种低级错误耽误版主时间

Drakedragon

我还有最后一个小小的问题，就是哥哥说E更多像infer的题的答案，哥哥怎么看出来的？