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4．GWD-26-Q7-Q9
pheromones是什么东东，是不是该划为odorant (F 7) There is no consensus among 研究人员未能就如何判断物 researchers regarding what qualifies a 质是否信息素达成一致。 substance as a pheromone. While most （观点对比） Line agree on a basic definition of pheromones 其中大部分认同一个基本定义： (5) as chemicals released by one individual 信息素是由一个物种个体释放 of a species which, when detected by 出来的一种化学物质，当另一个 another individual of the same species, 同类物种检测到时会引起特别 elicit a specific behavioral or physiological 的行为或生理反应；并且，一 response, some researchers also specify 部分研究人员认为对信息素的 (10) that the response to pheromones must be 反应必定是潜意识的。 unconscious. In addition, the distinction （递进） between pheromones and odorants— 另外，信息素和气味物质（一种 chemicals that are consciously detected 能被有意检测到的气味化学物） as odors---can be blurry, and some 的差异是很模糊的，使得一些研 (15) researchers classify pheromones as a 究人员将信息素归类为一种气 type of odorant. Evidence that pheromone （例证） responses may not involve conscious odor 味物质。信息素不应归为有意 perception comes from the finding that in 散发气味的证据可以从多个物 many species, pheromones are processed 种上发现，信息素是由鼻犁骨 (20) by the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory) 系统负责处理。 system, which uses a special structure in the nose, the vomeronasal organ (VNO), to receive chemical signals. The neural 犁骨组织和大脑的神经连接是 connections between the VNO and the 和嗅觉系统与大脑的神经连接 (25) brain are separate from those of the main 分离的，而所有的气味感觉都 olfactory system, whose processing of 是由嗅觉系统处理。 odorants triggers sensations of smell. But （转折，对比） while the VNO does process many animal 但当犁骨组织处理动物信息素 pheromone signals, not all animal phero- 信号时，并非所有的信息素都 (30) mones work through the VNO. Conversely, （反例） not all chemical signals transmitted via the 由犁骨组织处理。相反，并非 VNO quality as pheromones. For example, 所有的通过犁骨组织传输的化 garter snakes detect a chemical signal from 学信号都是信息素。譬如：G earthworms—one of their favorite foods—via 蛇通过犁骨组织检测蚯蚓释 (35) the VNO, and they use this signal to track 放的化学信号，并且使用这些 their prey. 信号追踪猎物。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 逻辑简图：结论解释型 P1：prove a new definition of P； While most..., some also…，In addition， Evidence that…，But while…, not…，Conversely, not… -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q7 It can be inferred from the passage that in classifying pheromones as a type of odorant, the researchers referred to in line 15 posit（假定） that A. pheromones are perceived consciously B. most pheromones are processed by the VNO C. most chemical signals processed by the VNO are pheromones D. Pheromone perception does not occur exclusively between members of the same species. E. pheromones do not always elicit a specific behavioral or physiological response
some researchers also specify (10) that the response to pheromones must be unconscious.
In addition, the distinction （递进） between pheromones and odorants— chemicals that are consciously detected as odors---can be blurry, and some (15) researchers classify pheromones as a type of odorant. Evidence that pheromone （例证） responses may not involve conscious odor perception comes from the finding that in many species, 做错了，主要是不知此处posit的意思是假定而不是放置；infer的题目一定要注意上下文，定位处是递进关系，要前溯考虑。 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Q8 According to the passage, the fact that pheromones are processed by the VNO in many animal species has been taken as evidence of which of the following? A. The accessory and main olfactory systems are not separate B. Odorants and pheromones are not distinct types of chemicals. C. Odorants and pheromones both elicit a specific behavioral response. D. Pheromones do not trigger
conscious
sensations of smell. E. Pheromones aid animals in tracking prey.
Evidence that pheromone （例证） responses may not involve conscious odor perception comes from the finding that in many species, pheromones are processed (20) by the vomeronasal (or accessory olfactory) system, which uses a special structure in the nose, the vomeronasal organ (VNO), to receive chemical signals. The neural connections between the VNO and the (25) brain are separate from those of the main olfactory system, whose processing of odorants
triggers sensations of smell. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Q9 The primary purpose of the passage is to A. compare and contrast the ways in which the vomeronasal organ and the main olfactory systern process chemicals. B. summarize the debate over the role the vomeronasal organ plays in odor perception C. present some of the issues involved in the debate over what constitutes a pheromone D. propose a new definition of pheromones based on recent research E. argue that pheromones should be classified as a type of odorant 这道题目很容易误选了C，但是C后面的what constitutes a pheromone的constitute这个动词用得很不好，这方面的内容是文章从来没有提过的；同理D的错误也在于propose没有论证的意思，而且文章篇幅没有提到新定义。 翻译了一下，但是发现没有那个选项能够很好的概括文章。很明显C的what constitutes a pheromone什么组成了信息素完全不属于文章讨论内容，我选了D，但是我更加认为E选项漏了“not”，argue that pheromones should not be classified as a type of odorant。因为文章说了未有一致定义，接着说原有定义和实际发现不统一，整篇都是说明目前的定义和实际情况不吻合。
请问各位考到的CDer，Q9的题目是否有漏“not”，大家遇到的时候选得是什么答案？？ | 
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发表于 2007-12-2 13:46:00
