请教：定语从句，分词结构，动名词在修饰时的区别

susan7375

请参见例子，帮忙分析
动名词与从句
73.    Alaska regularly deposits some of its profits from the sale of oil into a special fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves.
(A) fund, with the intention to sustain the state’s economy after the exhaustion of its oil reserves
(B) fund, the intention of which is to sustain the state’s economy after they have exhausted their oil reserves
(C) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted
(D) fund intended to sustain the state’s economy after exhausting its oil reserves
(E) fund that they intend to sustain the state’s economy after oil reserves are exhausted
C 与D 的区别在于一个为动名词，一个为从句，有什么区别吗？
答案为C。

定语从句与现在分词
1.         A controversial figure throughout most of his public life, the Black leader Marcus Garvey advocated that some Blacks return to Africa, the land that, to him, symbolized the possibility of freedom.
(A) that some Blacks return to Africa, the land that, to him, symbolized the possibility of freedom    A
(B) that some Blacks return to the African land symbolizing the possibility of freedom to him
答案A，此处从句优于分词。

During the nineteenth century Emily Eden and Fanny Parks journeyed throughout India, sketching and keeping journals forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had visited.
(A) forming the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had
(B) that were forming the basis of news reports about the princely states
(C) to form the basis of news reports about the princely states which they have
(D) which had formed the basis of news reports about the princely states where they had（E）
(E) that formed the basis of news reports about the princely states they

除了时态等之外，又是从句优先了，
AA lost favor of BB, （who insisted that） CC behave more in doing sth.
Correct—who insisted that
Wrong---insisting that
这是CD上jojojo的一道题目。

dreadpower

第一题我觉得你说：C 与D 的区别在于一个为动名词，一个为从句，有什么区别吗？似乎不是这样的

选项D中exhausting its oil reserves逻辑主语是fund 错
   
     第二踢你说此处从句优于分词也不是这样的

     the African land 的表达不好，还有symbolizing the possibility of freedom to him表达也不好

     第三题也不涉及哪个优先的问题，我觉得

     以前上XDF时，老师说：从句和分词都对的话，分词优先，但是这种情况我好象没碰到过，一般总有其他的区别

susan7375

谢谢dreadpower
我昨晚在OG上看到了一个动名词与定语从句区别的解释to share with u：
96.    The National Transportation Safety Board has recommended the use of fail-safe mechanisms on airliner cargo door latches assuring the doors are properly closed before takeoff and to prevent them from popping open in flight.
(A) assuring the doors are properly closed
(B) for the assurance of proper closing
(C) assuring proper closure
(D) to assure closing the doors properly
(E) to assure that the doors are properly closed
The correct choice will include to assure, an infinitive parallel to to prevent. Thus, A, B, and C are disqualified. Moreover, the participial phrases in A and C (assuring... ), easily construed as adjectives modifying latches, are confusing. Choices B and C are additionally faulty because, in omitting the noun doors, they fail both to specify what is being closed and to supply an antecedent for the pronoun them. D offers the necessary infinitive, but the gerund phrase closing... imprecisely refers to the act of closing the doors rather than to the condition of the closed doors. Choice E, with its idiomatic and precise noun clause, is the best answer.

dreadpower

万分感谢！D中的动名词强调一种动作，E用从句表示一种状态

fchn951

定语从句与现在分词
1.         A controversial figure throughout most of his public life, the Black leader Marcus Garvey advocated that some Blacks return to Africa, the land that, to him, symbolized the possibility of freedom.
(A) that some Blacks return to Africa, the land that, to him, symbolized the possibility of freedom    A
(B) that some Blacks return to the African land symbolizing the possibility of freedom to him
答案A，此处从句优于分词。

A与B的区别是限定与非限定的区别。A中的Africa，是指整个Africa对他来说是象征自由的。而B中限定了Africa，意思就变成了让黑人兄弟只回那部分象征自由的非洲土地，只是非洲的一部分了。

梦精灵_Fly

A与B的区别是限定与非限定的区别。A中的Africa，是指整个Africa对他来说是象征自由的。而B中限定了Africa，意思就变成了让黑人兄弟只回那部分象征自由的非洲土地，只是非洲的一部分了。

我理解正好和你相反了。A的that是限定性修饰，部分的概念，B的ing形式是非限定性修饰，整体的概念。

其间到底有没有什么重要的区别呢？我感到很难说哪个更好。请NN们帮忙解惑。

梦精灵_Fly

补充一个：with...use...; with...by...