[求助]Feifei-21

caicaizifore

    

21. Historian:
We can learn about the medical history of individuals through chemical analysis
of their hair. It is likely, for example, that Isaac Newton’s psychological
problems were due to mercury poisoning; traces of mercury were found in his
hair. Analysis is now being done on a lock of Beethoven’s hair. Although no
convincing argument has shown that Beethoven ever had a venereal disease, some
people hypothesize that venereal disease caused his deafness. Since mercury was
commonly ingested in Beethoven’s time to treat venereal disease, if researchers
find a trace of mercury in his hair, we can conclude that this hypothesis is
correct.

    

 

    

Which one of the
following is an assumption on which the historian’s argument depends?

    

 

    

A.      
None of the mercury introduced
into the body can be eliminated.

    

B.       
Some people in Beethoven’s time
did not ingest mercury.

    

C.       
Mercury is an effective
treatment for venereal disease.

    

D.      
Mercury poisoning can cause
deafness in people with venereal disease.

    

E.       
Beethoven suffered from
psychological problems of the same severity as Newton’s.

    

 

    

There should be 2 assumptions to support the hypothesis. The 1st
assumption of the author is that only venereal disease will be treated by
mercury in Beethoven’s time. The 2nd assumption is only some people in
Beethoven's time will ingest mercury, if all people ingest mercury, the
evidence is not useful. So, some people in Beethoven's time did not ingest
mercury. The answer should be B.

    

 

    

A, E have nothing to do with the argument.

    

C is not necessary, 'Since mercury was commonly ingested in Beethoven’s
time to treat venereal disease' is enough.

    

D is wrong:  according to the author, it is the venereal
disease that will cause the deafness, not the mercury poison.

我对a的选项还是有疑问。

if the mercury introduced into the body can't be eliminated, it is likely to influence the result.这个应该和答案相关的阿。

还是a选项这句话说绝对了？如果说成Not all of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated.是不是就是合理的？

ccjcheng

前提：由于在贝多芬的时代人们通常摄取汞来治疗性病。
结论：如果研究人员在贝多芬的头发中发现汞，则贝多芬的耳聋是性病造成的。

A "None of the mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated." （引入体内的汞都不能被消除。）取反之后变成 "Mercury introduced into the body can be eliminated"（进入体内的汞可以被消除），那么研究人员应该无法在贝多芬的头发发现汞【结论中的条件不成立】。这并没有削弱到结论，只是【无法验证假设是否正确】。

B "Some people in Beethoven’s time did not ingest mercury."（在贝多芬时代有些人不会吃汞） 取反之后变成 "Some people in Beethoven’s time did ingest mercury."（在贝多芬时代有些人会吃汞），那么如果研究人员在贝多芬的头发发现汞，也【无法确定这些汞是否是为了治疗性病所服用的】，从而削弱【贝多芬的耳聋性病造成的】的结论。

小MMM

牛顿的病是因为mercury中毒，mercury中毒在他的头发里能发现。
在贝多芬的时代，mercury常用来治疗venereal病。有人假设venereal病造成了贝多芬的耳聋。如果能在他头发里发现mercury，就能确定venereal病造成了他的耳聋。
C重复文章前提。D中mercury poisoning不对，hypothesis说的是venereal disease造成了他的耳聋。
B说实话我没看懂，但我猜如果都ingest了，那么就不会在头发上测出来了。