[原创]8月17日换题后JJ整理每日更新(8.22 1:00更新)

cufewarrior

1.        GWD-8-Q25 -Q28对结构主义者歪曲科技地位作用的不实之论提出挑战

Jon Clark’s study of the effect of

the modernization of a telephone

exchange on exchange maintenance

Line  work and workers is a solid contribution

(5)    to a debate that encompasses two

lively issues in the history and social-

ogy of technology: technological

determinism and social constructivism.

Clark makes the point that the char-

(10)   acteristics of a technology have a

decisive influence on job skills and

work organization. Put more strongly,

technology can be a primary determinant

of social and managerial organ-

(15)   ization. Clark believes this possibility

has been obscured by the recent sociological

fashion, exemplified by

Braverman’s analysis, that emphasizes

the way machinery reflects social

(20)   choices. For Braverman, the shape of

a technological system is subordinate

to the manager’s desire to wrest control

of the labor process from the

workers. Technological change is

(25)   construed as the outcome of negotiations

among interested parties who

seek to incorporate their own interests

into the design and configuration of the

machinery. This position represents

(30)   the new mainstream called social constructivism.

The constructivists gain acceptance

by misrepresenting technological determinism:

technological determinists are

(35)   supposed to believe, for example, that

machinery imposes appropriate forms

of order on society. The alternative to

constructivism, in other words, is to

view technology as existing outside

(40)   society, capable of directly influencing

skills and work organization.

Clark
            refutes the extremes of the

constructivists by both theoretical and

empirical arguments. Theoretically he

(45)   defines “technology” in terms of relationships

between social and technical

variables. Attempts to reduce the

meaning of technology to cold, hard

metal are bound to fail, for machinery

(50)   is just scrap unless it is organized

functionally and supported by appropriate

systems of operation and main-

tenance. At the empirical level Clark

shows how a change at the telephone

(55)   exchange from maintenance-intensive

electromechanical switches to semielectronic

switching systems altered

work tasks, skills, training opportunities,

administration, and organization of

(60)   workers. Some changes Clark attributes

to the particular way management

and labor unions negotiated the introduction

of the technology, whereas

others are seen as arising from the

(65)   capabilities and nature of the technology

itself. Thus
            Clark
            helps answer

the question: “When is social choice

decisive and when are the concrete

characteristics of technology more

important?”

特别套路

逻辑简图：

JC’s study is a solid contribution to debate two issues: technological determinism and social constructivism. C decisive evidence… C believes obscured; exemplified….. C refutes the extreme… Thus, C helps answer….

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GWD-8-Q25:

The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. advocate a more positive attitude toward technological change

B. discuss the implications for employees of the modernization of a telephone exchange

C. consider a successful challenge to the constructivist view of technological change

D. challenge the position of advocates of technological determinism不够准确

E. suggest that the social causes of technological change should be studied in real situations无关

Jon Clark’s study of the effect of
        the modernization of a telephone
        exchange on exchange maintenance
            work and workers is a solid contribution
            to a debate that encompasses two
        lively issues in the history and socialogy of technology:
        technological
        determinism and social constructivism.

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GWD-8-Q26:

The information in the passage suggests that Clark believes that which of the following would be true if social constructivism had not gained widespread acceptance?

 

A. Businesses would be more likely to modernize without considering the social consequences of their actions.

B. There would be greater understanding of the role played by technology in producing social change.

The constructivists gain acceptance
            by misrepresenting technological determinism:
            technological determinists are
                supposed to believe, for example, that
            machinery imposes appropriate forms
            of order on society.

C. Businesses would be less likely to understand the attitudes of employees affected by modernization.

D. Modernization would have occurred at a slower rate.
            

E. Technology would have played a greater part in determining the role of business in society.
            

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GWD-8-Q27:

The author of the passage uses the expression “are supposed to” in lines 34-35 primarily in order to

      

A. suggest that a contention made by constructivists regarding determinists is inaccurate 注意作者观点

B. define the generally accepted position of determinists regarding the implementation of technology

C. engage in speculation about the motivations of determinists

D. lend support to a comment critical of the position of determinists

E. contrast the historical position of determinists with their position regarding the exchange modernization

是这个题吗？

cufewarrior

In colonial Connecticut between

1670 and 1719, women participated

in one of every six civil cases, the

Line  vast majority of which were debt-

(5) related. Women’s participation

   dropped to one in ten cases after

   1719, and to one in twenty by the

   1770’s. however, as Cornelia

   Hughes Dayton notes in Women

(10) Before the Bar: Gender, Law,

and Society in Connecticut,

1639-1789, these statistics are

somewhat deceptive: in fact,

both the absolute numbers and

(15) the percentage of adult women

participating in civil cases grew

steadily throughout the eighteenth

century, but the legal activity of

men also increased dramatically,

(20) and at a much faster rate. Single,

married, and widowed women

continued to pursue their own and

their husbands’ debtors through

legal action much as they had

(25) done in the previous century, but

despite this continuity, their place

in the legal system shifted

dramatically. Men’s commercial

interests and credit networks

(30) became increasingly far-flung,

owing in part to the ability of

creditors to buy and sell prom-

issory notes (legal promises to

pay debts). At the same time,

(35) women’s networks of credit and

debt remained primarily local and

personal. Dayton contends that,

although still performing crucial

economic services in their

(40) communities—services that

contributed to the commercialization

of the colonial economy—women

remained for the most part outside

the new economic and legal culture

of the eighteenth century.

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Q25

The passage is primarily concerned with

A.     reporting an author’s view of a phenomenon

B.     disputing the reasons usually given for an

unexpected change

C.     evaluating the conclusions reached by an

author

D.     assessing the impact of certain legal

decisions.

E.      defending a controversial point of view

个人倾向于A，答案是C

-------------------------------------------------------

Q26

According to the passage, compared with women
            in eighteenth-century Connecticut, men were

A.     more likely to rely on credit and go into debt

B.     more likely to pursue their families’ debtors

C.     more likely to participate in economic transactions outside their own communities

D.     less likely to perform economic services
            in their own communities.

E.      less likely to participate in civil cases that
            were not debt-related.

涉及到取非思路，A选项不对，因为文章没有提到go into debt。C是把文章最后一句话，women 在communities中，但是outside of the new economic culture，说明men更多地outside their own communities.

----------------------------------------------------

Q27

The passage suggests that which of the following
            best compares the economic concerns of women
            with those of men toward the close of the eighteenth
            Century in colonial Connecticut?

(A)  Both men and women had more economic
            responsibilities at the end of the century
            than they had had at the beginning of the
            century.

(B)  Women’s economic activities had become
            less varied by the end of the century;
            men’s economic activities had become
            more varied.

(C)  Women’s economic activities at the end of
            the century were similar to their activities
            at the beginning; men’s economic activities
            changed considerably.

(D)  Women’s economic concerns at the end of the century were primarily familial; men’s
            economic concerns were primarily political.

(E)   Women’s economic concerns at the end of
            the century were primarily personal; men’s
            economic needs were primarily familial.

男女地位问题好像和某jj类似

qoolazy

以下是引用bestxuan在2007-8-21 11:11:00的发言：
LZ,首先谢谢你的辛勤劳动。我有个建议。你可不可以把WORD版本里CR,RC,MATH,AWA,SC分别弄个WORD个文件，这样看起来也方便一些. 不知道会不会给你的工作带来很多麻烦。anyways, thank you for your efforts.

呵呵...没得问题...本来我就想这样了...不过就怕你们开太多个word影响速度...今天把他们弄好吧!

waninayang

LZ如果找到了AWA的题号能不能往上更新一下？谢谢啦~！！！

qoolazy

41 42楼的是?

waninayang

妇女地位和技术决定论的GWD原题

kluv

 森林公园里非本土植物繁殖的原因。游客？森林生态对多种生物的容纳？

讲人们把草种带进公园的一道

=====================================

这两道RC应该是一样的吧

记得做过。。但是不知道是哪里的了。。哪位认识的贴出来一下啊

qoolazy

累...睡觉...

qoolazy

以下是引用waninayang在2007-8-21 12:50:00的发言：
LZ如果找到了AWA的题号能不能往上更新一下？谢谢啦~！！！

呵呵...这个可能要迟点了...还没开始看作文...现在基本上一天只能花1个多小时再这整理JJ和看JJ...等我开始复习作文就尽量把他们整理好吧!

swordstorm

感谢楼主的辛勤劳动，也感谢每位为大家贡献机经的兄弟姐妹。