问:gwd-24-10-12

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 Is it possible to decrease

inflation without causing a reces-

sion and its concomitant increase

line in unemployment? The orthodox

(5)  answer is “no.” whether they

    support the “inertia” theory of

    inflation (that today’s inflation rate

    is caused by yesterday’s infla-

    tion, the state of the economic

(10) cycle, and external influences

such as import prices) or the

“rational expectations” theory

(that inflation is caused by

workers’ and employers’ expec-

(15) tations, coupled with a lack of

credible monetary and fiscal

policies), most economists

agree that tight monetary and

fiscal policies, which cause

(20) recessions, are necessary to

   decelerate inflation. They point

   out that in the 1980’s, many

   European countries and the

   United States conquered high

(25) (by these countries’ standards)

inflation, but only by applying tight

monetary and fiscal policies that

sharply increased unemployment.

Nevertheless, some govern-

(30) ments’ policymakers insist that

direct controls on wages and

prices, without tight monetary and

fiscal policies, can succeed in

decreasing inflation. Unfortu-

(35) nately, because this approach

fails to deal with the underlying

causes of inflation, wage and

price controls eventually col-

lapse, the hitherto-repressed

(40) inflation resurfaces, and in the

meantime, though the policy-

makers succeed in avoiding a

recession, a frozen structure of

relative prices imposes distor-

(45) tions that do damage to the

economy’s prospects for long-

term growth.

有个地方不明白。这篇文章开头的设问句后面说了 orthodox的观点（应该就是老观点把？）但是文章后来内容也都是在说不可能既抑制通货膨胀又不负面影响经济和就业率，那不是和老观点一致了么？？

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