大全-88

windcolour

Shaw’s defense of a theater of ideas brought him up against (bring up against: v.遭遇) both his great bugbears—commercialized art on the one hand and Art for Art’s Sake on the other. His teaching is that beauty is a by-product of other activity; that the artist writes out of moral passion (in forms varying from political conviction to religious zeal), not out of love of art; that the pursuit of art for its own sake is a form of self-indulgence as bad as any other sort of sensuality. In the end, the errors of “pure” art and of commercialized art are identical: they both appeal primarily to the senses. True art, on the other hand, is not merely a matter of pleasure. It may be unpleasant. A favorite Shavian metaphor for the function of the arts is that of tooth-pulling. Even if the patient is under laughing gas, the tooth is still pulled.

The history of aesthetics affords more examples of a didactic than of a hedonist view. But Shaw’s didacticism takes an unusual turn in its application to the history of arts. If, as Shaw holds, ideas are a most important part of a work of art, and if, as he also holds, ideas go out of date (go out of date: 过时), it follows that even the best works of art go out of date in some important respects and that the generally held view that great works are in all respects eternal is not shared by Shaw. In the preface to Three Plays for Puritans, he maintains that renewal in the arts means renewal in philosophy, that the first great artist who comes along after a renewal gives to the new philosophy full and final form, that subsequent artists, though even more gifted, can do nothing but refine upon the master without matching him. Shaw, whose essential modesty is as disarming as his pose of vanity is disconcerting, assigns to himself the role, not of the master, but of the pioneer, the role of a Marlowe rather than of a Shakespeare. “The whirligig of time will soon bring my audiences to my own point of view,” he writes, “and then the next Shakespeare that comes along will turn these petty tentatives of mine into masterpieces final for their epoch.”

“Final for their epoch”—even Shakespearean masterpieces are not final beyond that. No one, says Shaw, will ever write a better tragedy than Lear or a better opera than Don Giovanni or a better music drama than Der Ring des Nibelungen; but just as essential to a play as this aesthetic merit is moral relevance which, if we take a naturalistic and historical view of morals, it loses, or partly loses, in time. Shaw, who has the courage of his historicism, consistently withstands the view that moral problems do not change, and argues therefore that for us modern literature and music form a Bible surpassing in significance the Hebrew Bible. That is Shaw’s anticipatory challenge to the neo-orthodoxy of today.

7. The ideas attributed to Shaw in the passage suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

(A) Every great poet digs down to a level where human nature is always and everywhere alike.

(B) A play cannot be comprehended fully without some knowledge and imaginative understanding of its context.

(C) A great music drama like Der Ring des Nibelungen springs from a love of beauty, not from a love of art.

(D) Morality is immutable; it is not something to be discussed and worked out.（B）

(E) Don Giovanni is a masterpiece because it is as relevant today as it was when it was created.

这题答案是B,可我从文章中找不到对应的地方啊?

8. The passage contains information that answers which of the following questions?

I.      According to Shaw, what is the most important part of a work of art?

II.     In Shaw’s view, what does the Hebrew Bible have in common with Don Giovanni?

III.   According to the author, what was Shaw’s assessment of himself as a playwright?

(A) I only

(B) III only

(C) I and II only

(D) II and III only（D）

(E) I, II, and III

答案是D, 我觉得第一个说法肯定对.文中不是说If, as Shaw holds, ideas are a most important part of a work of art吗?而且另两种说法在文章中哪里有提到呢?

9. As it is revealed in the passage, the author’s attitude toward Shaw can best be described as

(A) condescending

(B) completely neutral

(C) approving

(D) envious（C）

(E) adulatory

答案是C.我怎么读不出作者持赞同意见啊?

问题比较多,感谢大家帮忙看看