[求助]GWD 22-9

zzlz

好像没人问过.

Q7 to Q10:

      The system of patent-

         granting, which confers

         temporary monopolies for

Line  the exploitation of new tech-

  (5)  nologies, was originally

established as an incentive

to the pursuit of risky new

ideas.  Yet studies of the

most patent-conscious

 (10)  business of all—the semi-

conductor industry—suggest

that firms do not necessarily

become more innovative as

they increase their patenting

 (15)  activity.  Ziedonis and Hall,

for example, found that

investment in research and

development (a reasonable

proxy for innovation) did

 (20)  not substantially increase

          between 1982 and 1992,

          the industry’s most feverish

period of patenting.  Instead,

semiconductor firms simply

 (25)  squeezed more patents out

of existing research and

development expenditures.

Moreover, Ziedonis and

Hall found that as patenting

 (30)  activity at semiconductor

firms increased in the

1980’s, the consensus

         among industry employees

was that the average quality

 (35) of their firms’ patents

declined.  Though patent

quality is a difficult notion

to measure, the number of

        times a patent is cited in

 (40) the technical literature is

a reasonable yardstick, and

citations per semiconductor

patent did decline during

the 1980’s.  This decline in

 (45)  quality may be related to

changes in the way semi-

conductor firms managed

their patenting process:

rather than patenting to win

 (50)  exclusive rights to a valuable

new technology, patents

were filed more for strategic

purposes, to be used as

bargaining chips to ward

 (55)  off infringement suites or

as a means to block

competitors’ products.

 

Q9:

The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?       

1. It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later.

2. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.

3. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in research and development expenditures.

4. It is not adequately discussed in the industry’s technical literature.

5. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.

答案是A,我的疑问是,原文哪里体现了A?  patent quality 80年代初比十年后高.

原文第30行好像只是说了patenting activity at semiconductor firms increased in the 1980’s

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-1-12 2:15:23编辑过]