gemj, OG－although & while

freegirl

gemj and nns,

------------------------------------------although-----------------------------------------------------

205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."
(A) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are
(B) crests and troughs that remain stationary although they are formed by rapidly moving air, are
(C) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is
(D) stationary crests and troughs although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are
(E) stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is

Answer is C. C 中的 although the air that forms them is moving rapidly 是属于 that 定语从句中的一部分吗？ C and E 到底是什么区别呀？  

158. With only 5 percent of the world's population, United States citizens consume 28 percent of its nonrenewable resources, drive more than one-third of its automobiles, and use 21 times more water per capita than Europeans do.
(A) With
(B) As
(C) Being
(D) Despite having
(E) Although accounting for

Answer is E. 什么时候 可以不用完整的句子， 仅用although 加上现在分词的形式?
对 although 加上现在分词的形式的规则也可以适用于when, while 等吗？

-----------------------------------------------while--------------------------------------------------------------

233. Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

Answer is C. In E, while raising has no logical
referent, producing only the absurd statement that fatigue has raised efficiency.
不明白为什么 C 中的and fatigue among shift workers while raising 就不会误解成 only the absurd statement that fatigue has raised efficiency.


69. Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence while being an adolescent, Frances Willard was 35 years old before she chose to become a temperance activist.
(A) while being an adolescent
(B) while in adolescence
(C) at the time of her being adolescent
(D) as being in adolescence
(E) as an adolescent

Answer is E. 不明白为什么A 就不对呢？ 可能有人会说这个和“divorce occurring when a child” 一样，让人误以为 a pledge of abstinence referent of  while being an adolescent. 如果是这样，请再回头
看看233 的 C, 那可是正确答案呀！(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising

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还有，关于单复数：
The jury 是单，the group of lawyers 是单，the army 是单， people 是复，  对吗？
另外，the only one of  states that is,  
             the first of states that is,
            one of states that are,
             but one of states that are…


急急急！谢谢！

sbbi

205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."
(A) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are
(B) crests and troughs that remain stationary although they are formed by rapidly moving air, are
(C) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is
(D) stationary crests and troughs although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are
(E) stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is

Answer is C. C 中的 although the air that forms them is moving rapidly 是属于 that 定语从句中的一部分吗？ C and E 到底是什么区别呀？  

YES. C 中的 although the air that forms them is moving rapidly 是属于 that 定语从句中的一部分.这就是C和E的区别.although只能修饰一句话,不能是个WITH结构.

158. With only 5 percent of the world's population, United States citizens consume 28 percent of its nonrenewable resources, drive more than one-third of its automobiles, and use 21 times more water per capita than Europeans do.
(A) With
(B) As
(C) Being
(D) Despite having
(E) Although accounting for

Answer is E. 什么时候 可以不用完整的句子， 仅用although 加上现在分词的形式?
对 although 加上现在分词的形式的规则也可以适用于when, while 等吗？

对

sbbi

69. Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence while being an adolescent. Frances Willard was 35 years old before she chose to become a temperance activist.
(A) while being an adolescent
(B) while in adolescence
(C) at the time of her being adolescent
(D) as being in adolescence
(E) as an adolescent

Answer is E. 不明白为什么A 就不对呢？ 可能有人会说这个和“divorce occurring when a child” 一样，让人误以为 a pledge of abstinence referent of  while being an adolescent. 如果是这样，请再回头
看看233 的 C, 那可是正确答案呀！(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising

while being不简洁.基本上一定错.

gemj

感谢大牛SBBI考完了GMAT还在百忙中来这里帮我们解答问题，我完全赞同SBBI的观点。
我再细化和补充一些：

WHILE
注意你说的两个结构不一样，divorce occurring when a child中occurring与divorce是如此之接近，中间没有东西分隔，所以有分词短语occurring when a child修饰divorce的嫌疑。
但在
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, and fatigue among shift workers while raising production efficiency in various industries.
中, while是连词，它只能修饰句子。不可能修饰单个的名词workers。

The jury 是单，例如：
The jury was made up of seven women and five men.

the group of lawyers 是单，因为核心词是group。

the army 可以是单，也可以作复（在British English中）：
The army are helping to clear up after the floods.
The army is helping to clean up after the floods.
都对。

另外，
the only one of  states that is,  （对，that is修饰the only one）
the first of states that is, （对，that is修饰the first。BTW，first后面省略了state）
one of states that are,（that is修饰states）
but one of states that are…（这个是对的，但我也不肯定为何是are。因为BUT在这里的意思应该和ONLY差不多吧？）

freegirl

gemj & sbbi,

WHILE 做连词 只能修饰句子。不可能修饰单个的名词workers。
注意你说的两个结构不一样，divorce occurring when a child中occurring与divorce是如此之接近，中间没有东西分隔，所以有分词短语occurring when a child修饰divorce的嫌疑。

是不是正是因为这个，所以
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising production efficiency in various industries. 是错的，因为 was lowered while raising production efficiency in various industries 是如此接近以至于以为只有
fatigue among shift workers 可以 raising production efficiency. 这里的ｗｈｉｌｅ　也是连词吧？只是修饰的句子逻辑上不对吧？

还有，69. Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence while being an adolescent. Frances Willard was 35 years old before she chose to become a temperance activist.
(A) while being an adolescent
(B) while in adolescence
(C) at the time of her being adolescent
(D) as being in adolescence
(E) as an adolescent

如果　Ａ：ｗｈｉｌｅ　ａｎ　ａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔ，A 可不可以算对呢？while 这里是连词吧？
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
Although + 现在分词的形式是做定语修饰主语名词 (United States Citizen) 吗？although 只能是连词！为什么while 不可以做连词修饰名词呢？
是不是只有ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ　作为连词加现在分词的形式是做定语修饰名词，ｗｈｉｌｅ，ｗｈｅｎ　不行？ 　

Although + 现在分词的形式有没有可能在其他句子中作状语修饰句子？就像２３３中的Ｃ－－while raising production efficiency 那样呢？可惜 crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly 中的 although 修饰 that 中的 remain stationary 不是　ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ＋现在分词的形式。

还有 when being  a child 是多余是不是意味着：
when/while/although 作状语修饰句子时， be 动词 不宜变成现在分词形式与while 一起呢？ 其他实义动词则可以变成现在分词形式与while 一起？

ｔｈｅ　ａｒｍｙ　应该是单数，我记得在ＯＧ中有题的。找到了！
198. Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous
campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns
(E) for any previous campaign
Answer is E.
OG-Explanation:
If than is followed by a clause referring to army, the subject of that clause must be singular (it).

谢谢斑竹辛勤劳动！ 我拿什么来献给你们？

gemj

以下是引用freegirl在2003-10-27 1:31:00的发言：
ｔｈｅ　ａｒｍｙ　应该是单数，我记得在ＯＧ中有题的。找到了！
198. Although Napoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous
campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns
(E) for any previous campaign
Answer is E.
OG-Explanation:
If than is followed by a clause referring to army, the subject of that clause must be singular (it).

我的两个例子是从LONGMAN2003上找的，而且注明了当复数主要是在BRITISH ENGLISH中，看来ETS是不认可复数，那我们以后多加注意是了。
谢谢你！

freegirl

不客气，不客气！
能不能再帮我看看我上一个帖子的问题呢？

gemj

以下是引用freegirl在2003-10-27 1:31:00的发言：
gemj & sbbi,

WHILE 做连词 只能修饰句子。不可能修饰单个的名词workers。
注意你说的两个结构不一样，divorce occurring when a child中occurring与divorce是如此之接近，中间没有东西分隔，所以有分词短语occurring when a child修饰divorce的嫌疑。

是不是正是因为这个，所以
Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising production efficiency in various industries. 是错的，因为 was lowered while raising production efficiency in various industries 是如此接近以至于以为只有
fatigue among shift workers 可以 raising production efficiency. 这里的ｗｈｉｌｅ　也是连词吧？只是修饰的句子逻辑上不对吧？

除了你说的这个嫌疑外，更重要的在于不平行。fatigue among shift workers was lowered是句子，而前面的sickness, sleeping on the job是名词（词组）。

gemj

以下是引用freegirl在2003-10-27 1:31:00的发言：
还有，69. Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence while being an adolescent. Frances Willard was 35 years old before she chose to become a temperance activist.
(A) while being an adolescent
(B) while in adolescence
(C) at the time of her being adolescent
(D) as being in adolescence
(E) as an adolescent

如果　Ａ：ｗｈｉｌｅ　ａｎ　ａｄｏｌｅｓｃｅｎｔ，A 可不可以算对呢？while 这里是连词吧？

好象不行吧？WHILE是连词，后面要跟句子。
如果理解为：
while she was an adolescent
的省略形式，一我不确定可不可以这么省，二显然没有as an adolescent来得简洁。

gemj

以下是引用freegirl在2003-10-27 1:31:00的发言：
Although + 现在分词的形式是做定语修饰主语名词 (United States Citizen) 吗？although 只能是连词！为什么while 不可以做连词修饰名词呢？
是不是只有ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ　作为连词加现在分词的形式是做定语修饰名词，ｗｈｉｌｅ，ｗｈｅｎ　不行？ 　

Although + 现在分词的形式有没有可能在其他句子中作状语修饰句子？就像２３３中的Ｃ－－while raising production efficiency 那样呢？可惜 crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly 中的 although 修饰 that 中的 remain stationary 不是　ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ＋现在分词的形式。

这里的ALTHOUGH引导的是状语，修饰主句谓语，不是主语。