gemj, OG－although & while

Sharon63

205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."
(A) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are
(B) crests and troughs that remain stationary although they are formed by rapidly moving air, are
(C) crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is
(D) stationary crests and troughs although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are
(E) stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is

Answer is C. C 中的 although the air that forms them is moving rapidly 是属于 that 定语从句中的一部分吗？ C and E 到底是什么区别呀？

我上的是丽丽的语法课，首先看句子的整体结构，发现谓语单复数的问题排除ABD,至于CE，主要根据忠实原文的规则，不要随意改变修饰结构的位置。

所以答案为C

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158. With only 5 percent of the world's population, United States citizens consume 28 percent of its nonrenewable resources, drive more than one-third of its automobiles, and use 21 times more water per capita than Europeans do.
(A) With
(B) As
(C) Being
(D) Despite having
(E) Although accounting for

Answer is E. 什么时候 可以不用完整的句子， 仅用although 加上现在分词的形式?
对 although 加上现在分词的形式的规则也可以适用于when, while 等吗？

首先 being排除 然后看选项特点，我觉得Although优于despite，所以就选了E（有投机成分在内）

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233. Recently implemented "shift-work equations" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, fatigue among shift workers, and have raised production efficiency in various industries.
(A) fatigue among shift workers, and have raised
(B) fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising
(D) lowered fatigue among shift workers, and raised
(E) and fatigue among shift workers was lowered while raising

Answer is C. In E, while raising has no logical
referent, producing only the absurd statement that fatigue has raised efficiency.
不明白为什么 C 中的and fatigue among shift workers while raising 就不会误解成 only the absurd statement that fatigue has raised efficiency.

先看句子结构，发现句子不平行。先基本结构，后修饰性结构
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69. Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence while being an adolescent, Frances Willard was 35 years old before she chose to become a temperance activist.
(A) while being an adolescent
(B) while in adolescence
(C) at the time of her being adolescent
(D) as being in adolescence
(E) as an adolescent

Answer is E. 不明白为什么A 就不对呢？ 可能有人会说这个和“divorce occurring when a child” 一样，让人误以为 a pledge of abstinence referent of while being an adolescent. 如果是这样，请再回头
看看233 的 C, 那可是正确答案呀！(C) and fatigue among shift workers while raising

being出现的答案80%以上为错误答案，因为being强调的是这一个时刻正在发生的场景，不符合商业英文的规则，所以先把being的选项排除就没有任何疑义了。

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allln123123

看了诸多nn的意见，个人对while有了如下认识，姑妄言之：

while 作为连词，连词前后部分的结构应该对称，233之所以可以在while后面用doing,并不是说while可以直接加分词结构这样用，只是作为一个平行对称结构，由于前面是doing,所以后面也要跟doing,这样才符合对称以及连词本身的特点

... have reduced sickness, sleeping on the joband fatigue among shift workers while (...have +v.)raising gproduction efficiency in various industries

至于69，不知道这样解释对不对，如前面sbbi提到的,b 选项应该语法上没有错，但是如果补齐后成为：

Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence while she was in adolescence  与e相比：

Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence as an adolescent. 这样e更为简洁

那么是否说明这种情况下，只是比较，while 和 as 的用法，而while 后面的成分是否已省略已无关大局，可视作没有省略。

故在比较while的用法时，干脆把它补齐后再与别的选项比较，看是否正确，这样就不会因为省略后字数较少，看似比较简洁而被混淆了，因为刚才的233题，如果不是别的选项有这样或那样更为严重的毛病，那么c也不会是最终选项

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-12-12 12:17:47编辑过]

allln123123

至于although,这也是个连词，前后成分应该对称，所以205.应该选c,因为although前后都是句子，e的话，就变成although引导从句要修饰前面2个名词了，这个应该是不对的

而158.只能说abcd意义上都不对，citizen 不能with population, as population, have population,being population,所以只能用although 引导省略后的成分罗

Although (they are) accounting for only 5 percent of the world's population, United States citizens consume 28 percent of its nonrenewable resources, drive more than one-third of its automobiles, and use 21 times more water per capita than Europeans do.

tw0102

while 作为连词，连词前后部分的结构应该对称，233之所以可以在while后面用doing,并不是说while可以直接加分词结构这样用，只是作为一个平行对称结构，由于前面是doing,所以后面也要跟doing,这样才符合对称以及连词本身的特点

... have reduced sickness, sleeping on the joband fatigue among shift workers while (...have +v.)raising gproduction efficiency in various industries

楼上的GG,我不同意你的看法.因为前面NN已经说的很清楚了,这里的raise并不是和sleeping并列的成分,而是和reduce并列.所以采用while doing 的结构并非由于前面是doing.至于为什么采用while doing,个人非常赞同SCH的说法:

同意,另外我的看法,请nn们指正一下:
我觉得while/although+现在分词,其实是一种省略:当while/although从句主语和主句的主语一致时候,可以省略掉从句主语:
就比如gemj的例子:
She met Andy while (she was)working on a production of Carmen.

allln123123

恩 了解

Skyllis

以下是引用allln123123在2007/12/12 12:05:00的发言：

看了诸多nn的意见，个人对while有了如下认识，姑妄言之：

while 作为连词，连词前后部分的结构应该对称，233之所以可以在while后面用doing,并不是说while可以直接加分词结构这样用，只是作为一个平行对称结构，由于前面是doing,所以后面也要跟doing,这样才符合对称以及连词本身的特点

... have reduced sickness, sleeping on the joband fatigue among shift workers while (...have +v.)raising gproduction efficiency in various industries

至于69，不知道这样解释对不对，如前面sbbi提到的,b 选项应该语法上没有错，但是如果补齐后成为：

与e相比：

Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence as an adolescent. 这样e更为简洁

那么是否说明这种情况下，只是比较，while 和 as 的用法，而while 后面的成分是否已省略已无关大局，可视作没有省略。

故在比较while的用法时，干脆把它补齐后再与别的选项比较，看是否正确，这样就不会因为省略后字数较少，看似比较简洁而被混淆了，因为刚才的233题，如果不是别的选项有这样或那样更为严重的毛病，那么c也不会是最终选项

有个疑问：对称结构，前后相同主谓可以省略，这没错。但是可以省略不同时态的谓语吗？

Although she had signed a pledge of abstinence while she was in adolescence  会不会有while she had had in adolescence的歧义？

[此贴子已经被作者于2009/7/29 16:23:35编辑过]

weirui5621

茅塞顿开啊gemj就是大神级人物啊

qie001212

以下是引用freegirl在2003-10-27 1:31:00的发言：
Although + 现在分词的形式是做定语修饰主语名词 (United States Citizen) 吗？although 只能是连词！为什么while 不可以做连词修饰名词呢？
是不是只有ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ　作为连词加现在分词的形式是做定语修饰名词，ｗｈｉｌｅ，ｗｈｅｎ　不行？ 　

Although + 现在分词的形式有没有可能在其他句子中作状语修饰句子？就像２３３中的Ｃ－－while raising production efficiency 那样呢？可惜 crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly 中的 although 修饰 that 中的 remain stationary 不是　ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈ＋现在分词的形式。

这里的ALTHOUGH引导的是状语，修饰主句谓语，不是主语。

-- by 会员 gemj (2003/10/27 10:53:00)

我认为although 在这里引导的是让步状语从句，不理解修饰主句状语？ 请gemj 指教。

jianglindenise

太精彩了~~~~~~

对while 和although的理解又加深了一层~

臭老蚊

livary 发表于 2006-6-10 19:06
the only one of states that is, （对，that is修饰the only one）the first of states that is, （对，th ...

同意！