GWD 32-12 請討論~~

misia

GWD32-Q12

Historical documents have revealed

that among the Timucua. of Florida, a

Native American people, the best from

Line the hunt or the harvest was given to

5)  families of high social status, even in

times of economic stress. Archae-

ological research suggests a similar

relationship between social status and

diet in the Dallas communities of eastern

10)
                Tennessee, prehistoric Native American

groups with a social organization and

economy similar to that of the Timucua.

The first real clue came when archae-

ologists discovered that skeletons of

15)           higher-status individuals tended to be

several centimeters taller than those of

people in lower states.

In the largest Dallas communities,

some individuals were buried安葬 in the

20) earthen土製的 mounds墳堆 that served as sub-

Structures底部基礎 for buildings important to

civic and religious affairs. These

burials埋葬墓地 included quantities of大量 finely

carried items made of nonlocal material,

25)
                denoting表示 the high political standing of

those interred埋,葬. Burials of lower-status

individuals contained primarily utilitarian實利的

items such as cooking vessels and

chipped有缺口的 stone tools and are located

30)
                in more remote sections of the settlements. The burials actually formed

a pattern, the tallest skeletons being

found in the mounds, and the heights

declining as burials became more

35)
                distant from the mounds. While it is

possible that taller people were simply

more successful in achieving high social

standing, it is more likely that a number

of stresses, including those resulting

40) from a relatively poor diet, which could

affect stature身高, were common among the

lower-status groups
            

Excavations indicate that where food

categories made up the bulk of the

45)  population’s diet: agricultural crops

cultivated in the fertile alluvial沖積土中的 soils

where the communities were located,

game獵物, and wild edible可食的 plants, primarily

nuts. Information about dietary variation

50)  among community members is derived

by analyzing trace elements in human

bone. Higher than normal levels of

manganese錳, strontium鍶, and vanadium釩

probably indicate a less nutritious diet

55)  heavily dependent on edible plants.

Very low concentrations of vanadium.

which is scarce in meats and somewhat lower in nuts than in other plant

resources, are good evidence of

60)       meat consumption and thus a better

balanced-diet. As expected, vanadium was found in considerably greater

quantities in skeletons in the burials of

lower-status groups.

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Q12

In lines 35-38, the author of the passage

raises the possibility that taller people

achieved greater success most probably

in order to

 

1) suggest that two explanations for a

phenomenon are equally plausible

2) introduce empirical data supporting a

position
            

3) anticipate an objection to an argument
            

4) question the usefulness of relying solely

on physical肉體的, 物質的, 自然科學的
             evidence

5) point out a weakness in a traditional

argument  

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