[求助]帮帮忙，一笔糊涂账 gwd-18-9

spritejudy

Q7 to Q10:

      The term “episodic memory” was

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)      to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

 (10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

 (15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

 (20)      scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

       jays to remember the type, location, and

       freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

 (25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

 (30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

       reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

Q9:

It can be inferred that the author of the passage and Clayton would both agree that

             

1. the food preferences of the scrub jays in Clayton’s experiment are difficult to explain
2. the presence of episodic memory cannot be inferred solely on the basis of observable behavior

3. Clayton’s experiment demonstrated that scrub jays do not reexperience the past but do exhibit episodic-like memory
4. Tulving substantially underestimated the ability of animals to bind different kinds of information
5. Clayton’s experiment had certain fundamental design flaws that make it difficult to draw any conclusions about scrub jay’s memories

原本错选了C，后来仔细看发现such experiments cannot reveal whether the birds were reexpriencing the past不能改写成C

比较赞同B，不过看贴的时候，有人提问，observable behavior可以仅refer to这个experiment吗？觉得也有点疑问

还有，一位NN说"之所以大家认为是Ｅ，其实fundamental design flows是由difficult to draw any conclusions about scrub jay’s memories 反推出来的。加上这题是inference。而其他答案都错的情况下只好选Ｅ"

糊涂啊~

spritejudy

?

spritejudy

？

sharon213

这个题目谁帮忙看看啊？偶也这题不会