4 Qs from Taiwanese Cram School asked for help!!!

fernandochang

THANKS FOR YOUR HEKP!

GMAT CRITICAL REASONING REVIEW
1.Consumer Advocate: It is generally true, at least in this state, that lawyers who advertise a specific service charge less for that service lawyers who do not advertise. It is also true that {each time restrictions on the advertising of legal services have been eliminated, the number of lawyers advertising their services has increased and legal costs to consumers have declined in consequence.} However, eliminating the state requirement that legal advertisements must specify fees for specific services would almost certainly increase rather than further reduce consumers' legal costs. Lawyers would no longer have an incentive to lower their fees when they begin advertising and {if no longer required to specify fee arrangements, many lawyers who now advertise would increase their fees.}

In the consumer advocate's argument, the two portions in boldface{} play  which of the following roles?

(A)The first is a generalization that the consumer advocate accepts as true; the secound is presented as a consequence that follows from the truth of that generalization.
(B)The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumoer advocate argues will be repeated in the case at issue; the second acknowledges a circumstance in which that pattern would not hold.
(C)The first is a pattern of cause and effect that the consumer advocate predicts will no hold in the case at issue; the second offers a consideration in support of that prediction.
(D)The first is evidence that the consumer advocate offers in support of a certain prediction; the second is that prediction.
(E)The first acknowledges a consideration that weighs against that main position that the consumer advocate defends; the second is that position.
(A:C

3.A proposed change to federal income tax laws would eliminate deductions form taxable income for donations a taxpayer has made to charitable and educational institutions, If this change were adopted, wealthy individuals would no longer be permitted such deductions. Therefore, many charitable and educational institutions would have to reduce services, and some would have to close their doors.

The argument above assumes which of the following?

(A)Without the incentives offered by federal income tax laws, at least some wealthy individuals would not donate as much as money to charitable and educational institutions as they otherwise would have.
(B)Money contributed by individuals who make their donations because of provisions in the federal tax laws provides the only source of funding for many charitable and educational institutions.
(C)The primary reason for not adopting the proposed change in the federal income tax laws cited above is to protect wealthy individuals from having to pay higher taxes.
(D)Wealthy individuals who donate money to charitable and educational institutions are the only individuals who donate money to such institutions.
(E)Income tax laws should be changed to make donations to charitable and educational institutions the only permissable from taxable income.
(A:A

4.Male bowerbirds construct elaborately decorated nests, or bowers. Basing their judgement on the fact that different local populations of bowerbirds of the same species build bowers that exhibit different building and decorative styles, reseachers have concluded that the bowerbirds' building styles are a culturally acquired, rather than a genetically transmitted, trait.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the conclusion drawn by the researchers?

(A)There are more common characteristics than there are differences among the bowerbuilding styles of the local bowerbird population that has been studied most extensively.
(B)Young male bowerbirds are inept at bowerbuilding and apparently spend years watching their elders before becoming accomplished in the local bower styles.
(C)The bowers of one species of bowerbird lack the towers and ornamentation characteristic of the bowers of most other species of bowerbird.
(D)Bowerbirds are found only in New Guinea and Australia, where local populations of the birds apparently seldom have contact with one another.
(E)It is well known that the song dialects of some songbirds are learned rather than transmitted genetically.
(A:B

5.To evaluate a plan to save money on office-space expenditures by having its employees work at home, XYZ Company asked volunteers from its staff to try the arrangement for six months. During this period, the productivity of these employees was as high as or higher than before.

Which of the following, if true, would argue most strongly against deciding, on the basis of the trial results, to implement the company's plan?
(A)The employees who agreed to participate in the test of the plan were among the company's most self-motivated and independent workers.
(B)The savings that would accrue from reduced office-space expenditures alone would be sufficient to justify the arrangement for the company, apart from any productivity increases.
(C)Other companies that have achieved successful results from work-at-home plans have work forces that are substantially larger than that of XYZ.
(D)The volunteers who worked at home were able to communicate with other employees as necessary  for performing the work.
(E)Minor changes in the way office work is organized at XYZ would yield increases in employee productivity similar to those achieved in the trial.
(A:A

nobody

2.建议被采纳，慈善和教育机构降低服务或关门，选项A填补了前面差异，因为受建议影响捐的钱少了将导致结果（慈善和教育机构降低服务或关门）
3.B说幼鸟通过学习掌握筑巢和提干说的筑巢是后天习得而非先天一回事
4.A指出自愿者都是主动工作者, 计划不适用于其他非自愿者.所以计划不能执行.