The argument talks about "contribution (to the total output)" and "income (raised from the total output)". contribution - 1/3 from capital goods, implies that 2/3 from worker labor income - 2/3 to wages of workers, 1/3 to the shareholder etc.
From the above, we may conclude that C is correct.
Option E, it sounds correct at first glance. Nevertheless, it mentions that "Workers receive a share of this income that is greater than the value of their labor", which means this sentence claims that "income" is greater than "value of their labor". We cannot draw such a conclusion from the context because the author doesn't imply that the income raised from total output is well worth of the money.