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8/22 今天没做题，只是看了看关于比较的语法总结。下面的内容摘要大都出自于tony大牛，只是自己加了些例子。 1. 比较结构1.1 引起比较的结构1.1.1 Overview- as clause
- as … as
- the more … the more …
- double (active instead of passive) – double 后接抽象名词，比如 size, number, area, etc., 而不能直接加具体名词
- twice as many as / twice X
- more … than
- as many as
- not so much as
- like/unlike – like/unlike makes a comparison; such as introduces examples.
- A至少等于B的表达:
- at least as many(much)* as
- as many(much) as, if not more so,
- as many(much) as, and/or (even) more than,
*many(much) can be any adjective
1.1.2 Examples大全43. According to Booker T. Whatley’s recent analysis, planting the same crops as
(those*) are planted on large farms will lead to economic disaster for the small farmer, who should plan a succession of high-value crops that will provide a year-round cash flow. *”those” is referring to the same crops and is omitted here.
OG5. The megalithic monuments are nearly 2,000 years older than any of their predecessors.
OG199. An earthquake in the eastern US will typically devastate an area 100 times greater than
will
a quake of comparable magnitude occurring in the West.
大全103. American productivity is declining in relation to Europe’s; the energy expended per unit of production in the United States is as much as twice
that expended in West Germany.
OG314. Founded in 1983, the magazine has since more than doubled its circulation and its advertising.
OG16. Unlike
a typical automobile loan, which …, a lease-loan does not …
OG232. Unlike the premiums for auto insurance, the premiums for personal property
coverage are not affected by the frequency of claims.
OG267. Like Rousseau, Tolstoy rebelled against …
OG266. In a recent poll, 86 percent of the public favored a Clean Air Act at least as strong as the present act.
OG59. … at least as many as more than a million ….
OG89. as many than
大全209. Child prodigies are marked not so much by their skills than (as) by the fact that these skills are fully developed at a very early age.
OG244. Like their male counterparts, women scientists are above average in …, but unlike men of science, their female counterparts (women of science) have had to work against the ...
OG223. Students who major in specialized areas like those of (such specialized areas as) finance and marketing are becoming more and more successful. *such as introduces examples.
大全81. Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, just as* human beings do when they breathe (similar to the way human beings breathe). * as- clause引起的比较结构.
1.2 省略的原则1.2.1 Overview- 主从句谓语相同, 可用 do/did/does 代替
- 主从句系动词(be) 时态相同, 可省可不省; 时态不同, 不可省
- 主句用助动词(have/has/had/will) 或情态动词(may/should/could/can)+ verb, 从句往往省略verb保留助动词或情态动词 (此时不能用do代替verb, 比如 will do 就嫌罗嗦,要把 do 省略)
- 主从句主语相同可以省略; 主谓语都相同, 从句的主谓语要省略. 注意谓语相同包括时态也相同, 如果时态不能则不能省略
- 主从句主语不同不能省略非系动词
- 不定式省略，要省连to一起省
1.2.2 Examples
OG19. Rice has a protein higher in quality than wheat does*. *主从句谓语相同, 用 does 代替.
OG199. An earthquake in the eastern US will typically devastate an area 100 times greater than (will)* a quake of comparable magnitude occurring in the West. *主语不同不能省略非系动词.
OG224. Inuits of the Bering Sea were isolated from contact with Europeans longer than were* Aleuts or Inuits of the North Pacific and northern Alaska.
*were不能省略因为可能会引起岐义. from or were
大全305. For many travelers, charter vacations often turn out to cost considerably more than they originally seemed (to cost*). *不定式省略，要省连to一起省.
大全385. In its most recent approach, the comet Crommelin passed the Earth at about the same distance and in about the same position, some 25 degrees above the horizon, as Halley’s comet will do (will Halley’s comet) the next time it appears. *will do 罗嗦, 要把 do 省略
1.3 比较的原则1.3.1 Overview- 数的一致
- 概念对等
- than 后面尽量补足助动词
- 状语与非状语不具可比性
- 比较时必须将自己排除在外
- 比较对象要明确
- 比较对象如果是介词状语结构，介词一般不能省略
- 一旦不是和自己比，尽量不要出现代词 it（指具体名词）, 抽象名词不受此限制
1.3.2 ExamplesOG30. Developing the compact disc has been none the less remarkable than (No less remarkable than the development of the compact disc) has been the use of the new technology to … (developing和the use不具有可比性, while the development is comparable to the uses)
OG245. Unlike Schoenberg's twelve-tone system that (Unlike Schoenberg, whose twelve-tone system) dominated the music of the postwar period, Bartok founded no school and … 比较对象要一致: Bartok vs. Schoenberg
OG254. Balding is much more common among White males than among males of other races.
OG258. The elephant that gave rides to children had been
(was) earning annually exactly what Barbara then earned as director of …
OG268. Franz Kroetz's works - translated into over thirty languages - are produced more often than
those of any other contemporary German dramatist.
大全10. A large rise in the number of housing starts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by several billion dollars, making the construction industry’s economic health much more robust than (it was*) five years ago. *有了it was后比较对象才明确 大全81. Although fruit can no longer grow once it is picked, it continues for some time to respire, taking in oxygen and giving off carbon dioxide, just like the breathing of human beings* (just as human beings do when they breathe).
* fruit 不能和 breathing 比较. | 
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发表于 2006-8-22 00:55:00
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