OG11－045,大全987没有,手敲录入,诚心请教!

rain119911

以下是引用kevinZhang在2005-12-29 2:38:00的发言：

OG11-45

According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing”, followed by a gradual increase in business activity.

B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come

C) in the economy’s ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come

D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come

E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming

答案:A. 没问题.

但是, 如果将instead换成rather是否也对呢? 两者在这样的情况下有什么区别? 谢谢指导!

弱弱的问一下~~此处的many指代什么？？~~

spyder1011

从NY Times的网站上搜了一下，关于rather do和instead do有所发现。先贴几个代表性的句子出来（由于句子比较长，有些是节选）：

Rather do

The city's current contract with Microsoft is set to expire in 2008, although the city says it doesn't intend to stop using the company's products, but rather just reduce its reliance on them.

the desktop search changes would not be part of the beta, but rather would be added at a later date

her father was never taken prisoner by the Germans — a delicate issue because Stalin treated Soviet soldiers who surrendered or were taken prisoner as traitors — but rather was killed in battle in 1941.

These formations look so bizarre to the bishop as to seem not part of nature at all, but rather like vast cathedrals or the remnants of a monumental city.

Dean could not be questioned in person, but rather would only respond to written questions, or interrogatories.

instead do

instead do

instead do

The villagers' most popular explanation for centuries of tightrope walking is that the young men of the village grew bored with trekking for days to court women in a village on a neighboring mountainside, and instead came up with a shortcut.

who openly criticizes antiretroviral medicines and instead has promoted lemons, garlic and potatoes as AIDS treatments.

but he disagreed with leaders who want a full embargo against Fidel Castro's government and instead called for allowing travel and money to the island.

He repeated a similar message at the largely white Saddleback megachurch, telling the congregation that they should stop preaching abstinence only and instead promote condom use.

上面的句子都是NY Times2007年最新的句子，其时效性和正确性应该问题不大。总结对比了一下，发现rather和instead的确都可以直接修饰do，但是用法有所区别：

not do…(,) (but) Rather do

negative word(stop/avoid)/not do…(,)(and) instead do….

可见rather do和instead do在意思上和用法上还是有区别。

1）rather可能更强调对比和转折，如：不要喝牛奶，rather喝酸奶，有了rather的修饰我们可以认为句子的重要内容在后面，所以往往用but连接：如同中文中“但是”后面的东西比较关键。

2）instead对比的往往是negtive word后面的东西，如本题，不是和avoid对比，而是和recession对比。这样instead do的内容和avoid do的内容其实是并列关系，所以用and连接，句子的重心是均匀的。

3）目前发现的例子里都没有使用instead/rather to do的，初步说明可能这就是习惯用法，就像可以说can do，但不能说can to do。这种东西可能就说不清楚了。还望大家能提供更多的论据，支持或者颠覆这种观点。

综上，我觉得B和C错在instead/rather to do是idiomatical,而D不但用了rather to do还用了and rather

不知道我的这种理解对不对，还望大家批评指正。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-9-6 2:40:51编辑过]

spyder1011

以下是引用kevinZhang在2005-12-31 10:26:00的发言：

时态的问题，同意seasnow MM的说法，是过去的时间the year之前earlier持续的动作，隐含相对说这句或者写这句话的人现在的时间，所以用had没错。

时态的问题拙见如下：

1）如上所述，earlier有一个隐含的比较。这道题强调的就是比较，一个转变。从这道题的题干我们可以猜测动作先后顺序是这样的：1 fear recession，2 grow confidence，3 gains in股票市场reflect growing confidence。所以在整个过程中有三个时点，其中两个（1、2）发生在过去，一个在year中，一个在earlier in the year（这里不是说在一年中较早的时候，否则用earlier this year就可以了，并且用past tense）。针对这种情况最好的就是过去完成时，OG11对过去完成时的解释是：（it）“show the order of two events that took place in the past.”

2）past tense也是可以接受的。注意比较D和E的解释，D用了were fearing，是“wrong tense”；但是E用的是were feared，OG只说了“The passive voice construction...is weak and wordy”，没有说时态有错误。如果这道题只有两个时态的比较，那大家将非常痛苦。索性的是OG也认为这是一种惨绝人寰的做法，所以在每个干扰选项里都加入了其他较为明显的错误。我认为在真实考试中这种模糊的时态成为关键因素的几率应该是比较小的，大家不必过于care。

愚见让大家见笑了。

daijiajing

同意楼上关于had feared的用法,不过还是不明白为什么第二个thatOG里说不能省略,第一个that引导的是同位语从句,而第二个应该是引导定语从句且在从句中做宾语成分,其实是many had feared the recession ealier in the year, 按理可以省略,不明白这里为什么说不可以省略.欢迎大家讨论

spyder1011

不知道ls能不能提供点OG11里支持做宾语时that可以省略的例子呢？如果语法上没有问题，我的愚见：可能是省略会引起歧义。

因为and instead come in for前面有两个n（pronoun），一个是the economy，一个是many。原文的意思是the economy做主语，come in for是 (will)come in for和will aviod并列，加入that引起歧义的可能比较小；但是如果去掉that，从形式上一眼望去就增加了理解成many had feared...and instead come in for...的可能性。

不知道理解的对不对。欢迎指正。

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-9-11 23:40:17编辑过]

剩下的果实

恩,楼上的解释不错.OG11里关于定语从句中做宾语的that省略,可以看OG11-5

amorela

instead:

WEBSTER'S解释:

instead: adv

1 : as a substitute or equivalent  *was going to write but called instead*
2 : as an alternative to something expressed or implied  : RATHER  *longed instead  for a quiet country life*

instead of
(preposition) 

 in place of  : as a substitute for or alternative to  *chose tea instead of coffee*

所以,可以总结为:

instead of +noun.

sub will instead verb

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-9-30 0:48:01编辑过]

wuyelan0214

一点拙见

instead of  of是介词,后面要接名词,

rather than 是连词, 作为连词比介词用的到的时候要多很多,在GMAT考试中,更倾向于使用rather than

dormousedzc

以下是引用kevinZhang在2005-12-29 2:38:00的发言：

OG11-45

According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a “soft landing”, followed by a gradual increase in business activity.

B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come

C) in the economy’s ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come

D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come

E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming

答案:A. 没问题.

但是, 如果将instead换成rather是否也对呢? 两者在这样的情况下有什么区别? 谢谢指导!

同问,instead可以换rather么,二者到底有啥区别阿,请NN指点,谢谢.

[此贴子已经被作者于2007-11-11 9:51:01编辑过]

maomao521

以下是引用yichousun在2007-8-29 15:45:00的发言：

结合og解释和讨论的，给出个人遇见。

A 从第一个that到最后，引导宾语从句修饰confidence；第二that引导定语从句修饰，修饰recession。这个that在定语从句中是做宾语成分，但连词在定语从句中做宾语是可以省略的，这里没有省略是大家争论的焦点。没有答案到现在为止。这是正确答案，大家应该没有异议吧。

B what取代了第二个that,肯定错。the economy to avoid the recession is wordy and awkful,应该没有问题，在gmat中，不一定是一定错，而是和其他选项的比较问题，和A比较，确实没有A那么清晰。那个rather没有讨论出结果来。

C earlier in the year修饰sth,在原句中却是做状语修饰feared，套用白永的一句，改变原句的重心了。instead问题没有答案。

D 问题就在省不省第二个that.没有答案，还需要多总结，这是疑点。我有好的总结会第一时间传上来。后面的rather主要是因为，逗号隔开的and 后面要接完整的主谓结构。

E时态问题到目前为止解释不是那么完美，但也可以接受。这里的担忧是指earlier this year那段时期之前到earlier this year,现在有gain了，大家恢复信心了，还要担忧吗？

问：what为什么取代不了第二个that呢