BF中的 inference和conclusion

心静

看了几道BF题，特别分不清conclusion和 inference，请教用什么方法区别？谢谢！
比如
Something must be done to ease traffic congestion. In traditional small towns, people used to work and shop in the same town in which they lived; but now that stores and workplaces are located far away from residential areas, people cannot avoid traveling long distances each day. Traffic congestion is so heavy on all roads that, even on major highways where the maximum speed limit is 55 miles per hour, the actual speed averages only 35 miles per hour. So new businesses should be encouraged to locate closer to where their workers would live.The two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
(A) Background that the argument depends on and conclusion that can be drawn from the argument.
(B) Part of evidence that the argument includes, and inference that can be drawn from this passage.
(C) Pre-evidence that the argument depends on and part of evidence that supports the conclusion.
(D) Background that argument depends on and part of evidence that supports the conclusion.
(E) Pre-evidence that argument includes and a method that helps to supports that conclusion.
给出的答案是B，可为什么，最后一句不能是结论呢？

braveMBA

我的观点：
inference是指推论，即可以是多个方向的的推理得出的；而conclusion一般指结论，指从文章的主线索上推出的。所以，一般情况下inference的范围要大，含盖conclusion。

这是一个典型的措施达目的的题。

目的是结论-conclusion。
A目的：Something must be done to ease traffic congestion
B措施：（推倒过程）
C1：In traditional small towns, people used to work and shop in the same town in which they lived
C2：but now that stores and workplaces are located far away from residential areas, people cannot avoid traveling long distances each day
C1，C2---> C3：Traffic congestion is so heavy on all roads that, even on major highways where the maximum speed limit is 55 miles per hour, the actual speed averages only 35 miles per hour
C1，C2，C3-->B:So new businesses should be encouraged to locate closer to where their workers would live
向外推理。所以我觉得结论是A，B是为了说明A的论据，同时B又是推倒过程中的一个INFER。

请讨论。

joywzy

请问什么是pre-evidence?与evidence有什么差别吗？谢谢。

polarbear223

是呀. pre-evidence 与此同时part of evidence 有什么区别?

joywzy

以下是引用joywzy在2003-9-10 12:00:00的发言：
请问什么是pre-evidence?与evidence有什么差别吗？谢谢。

up.

braveMBA

我认为在严格意义的逻辑学上应该是有区别的，但是在GMAT这种逻辑里，可以忽略这种区别，都认为是evidence.

jubel

可是passage 有结论吗？如果第二部分黑体不是的话。一个argument总要有结论吧

braveMBA

目的是结论-conclusion。
A目的：Something must be done to ease traffic congestion
B措施：（推倒过程）

jubel

能不能这么理解：A－>B，再引出C
那么A就是background或者evidence，B是结论，C是所谓的consequence或者inference

braveMBA

要看具体的文章，因为结论的位置不是固定的。我觉得inference可以从任何一个角度或者层次得出，象LSAT中的infer题，文章就是乱七八糟地说了一大顿，然后让你选一个INFER，而这个INFERENCE可能从任何一个角落里推出，不一定同CONCLUSION有关系。INFERENCE就是从PASSAGE中推理的任何东西，而CONCLUSION通常不是这样，但是有sub-conclusion.