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Why: Vidilance ↓ group size ↑( poorly understood)
○ Hypothesis 1: group vigilance
§ Many eyes effect
§ Better predator detection rate ,scan less frequently
○ Hypothesis 2 :individual vidilance
§ Group size↑, predation risk↓,vigilance↓
○ Hypothesis 3: not causation [Elgar 1989]
§ e.g. better food supplies, less time on other things
□ Other effects:distance, age, sex, observer proximity
§ Additional factor: passing of time
□ Study: vigilance in increasing and decreasing groups
® e.g. terns: inter-scan intervals ↑,flock↑
○ Recent :remain the question of its fictional explanation: group vigilance hypothesis (-)
§ Dilution of risk →group size ;group vigilance hypothesis vs. individual risk hypothesis
conclusion
tradition: interpret the relationship solely——widely use
flaw: no consideration risk hypothesis
anti P2: group size & detection——untested
many studies flaw: lack of factors in group size effect
reason:authors lack awareness
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