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- 2022-6-4
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- 1970-1-1
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main point: debate over how correctly identify primitive life on earth and in solar system
structure:
p1. there seems endless evidence left by primitive creatures in rocks
? but more ancient the creatures are, more obscure the graves
p2. microbe populated earth while couldn't survive under resurfacing and other similar conditions in the rocks on the surface of earth. That's why scientists use carbon or other chemicals to date back the age of them.
p3. some advances achieved by using chemicals to date back the age of primitive creatures
-a cell, 3.465 billion years ago, the time when the simple inorganic fist self-replicated and began selectively interacting with environment
-in 1996, new technologies for measuring light variations in the chemical makeup ➡️ support previous hints
-same year in 1996, meteoroid from mars 3.9 billion years ago ➡️ solid confidence on the ability to detect past life from traces in the rocks
p4. some scientists cast doubt on the chemicals-identify way, reasons:
-the rocks form in the environment where life can't exist
-inorganic chemicals can mimic the composition of creatures in rock
-they may form fossils-like thing in rock as well
p5. author agree that only after we can identify the right way to date age of primitive creatures can we expand this knowledge to identify solar system's creatures age
and this notion will influence study of next year
new words:
thighbone: 股骨
lumber: 笨拙行走,缓慢行走; 木材
drowned in the flooded river: 淹死在泛滥的河流
lie encased in sandy mudstone: 被沙质岩浆包围
jagged fronds of tropical ferns: 热带蕨类植物锯齿状的叶片
jet-black layers of coal: 乌黑发亮的煤层
slither: 滑行
put down the roots: 生根
brutal: 野蛮的,糟糕的, brutal years of burial 被野蛮埋葬的
akin to: 类似
smudge: 污点 skewed 倾斜的 smudge carbon with skewed compositions unique to biology: 独属于生物的碳的物质不同的痕迹
uncontested: 无争议的
clamor for acceptance: 大声要求被接受
a flurry of: 大量的, 一阵
rover: 漫游者,探月车
revisionist: if you describe a person or their views as revisionist, you mean that they reject traditionally held beliefs about a particular historical event or events. |
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