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231- Shrub
P1 - All ecosystems are subject to periodic natural disturbances.
When such perturbations are extreme, ecosystems undergo transformation to simple systems with scarce life forms and no symbiotic interactions.
However, this transformation sets the stage for recovery.
Anthropogenic stress, though, is not revitalizing but debilitating.
=> OEA: stress as a debilitating agent and perturbation as potentially beneficial
P2 - When shrubs expanded from limited habitat to extensive areas of desert grassland, physical restructuring also occurred:
1/ changes in landscape hydrology
2/ demise of grasses
P3 - The lack of recovery of NA desert grasslands suggests that a selfreinformcing process comes after the initial invasion of the shurbs.
1/ "resource islands" underneath the shrubs create conditions for further desertification
= bare patches => further erosion
2/ The shrub lands are well adpted to natural perturbations. creosote bushes' example was provided.
P4 - Overgrazing => Damage to the soils => unvegetated spaces and provided space for invading shrubs.
Soil erosion appear to have led to a system that maintains desertification.
shrub 灌木 hydrology 水文学
anthropogenic 人为的 perturbation 干扰
revitalizing 使新生的 debilitating 使衰弱的
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