Main Point: introduce petroglyphs located in the region of River Erges (this is likely one of many articles / presentations of the studied topic)
P1: petroglyphs were found in two shelters in the valley of the river's flood zone and were identified as pre-historic.
P2: introduce new technologies used (MRM and photogram...) which are more advanced than traditional recording methods (potentially to give credits of the finding)
P3 & P4: background info about river Erges
P5: Although the river was not chosen for hydroelectric project investment, the relevant due diligence resulted the identification with more pre-historic rock art.
P6-8: detailed information about art identified (1. left - anthropomorphous, right- circular & other figures, 2. new panels with red paintings were discovered: points & sum) -> identified art integrate to a regional scale graphic universe
165.Rock art
1.介绍这篇文章的主题:rock art.未来出版的对象:other petrolyphs in open air out crops and in several stelae located on the plateau to the west of the river Erges
2.重点关注两个cyclopean constructions,构成小的shelters 在这条河的洪水区的流域。在这些shelters里面啄食的岩画和雕刻被保护起来了。这个结构可以追溯到pre-History
3.记载的方法包括combined application of photogrammetric techniques,应用于这两个shelters的结构的三维代表,通过MRM,去描绘这两个shelter的艺术作品。覆盖传统记录的方法的科学技术的优势,尤其是在三个dimensionality, higher contrast difficulties in the identification and tracing of rock art,已经克服了在确认身份和在之前的研究中的rock art的轨迹的主要困难
4.介绍Erges河
5.形成地质古迹的成因(河流的特点)
6.2007年erges河的发现
7.这些地方的graphic symbols
8.最近的两个panels
9.Identified petroglyphs and paintings分布的很广泛
本文是在2015年IFRAO在卡塞雷斯(西班牙)举办的国际岩石艺术会议上发表演讲之后发表的,该会议专门讨论岩石艺术的科学研究。在这个主题框架下,露天作物中的其他岩画以及位于埃尔格斯河以西高原上的几个石碑中的岩画将成为未来出版物的对象。
特别关注两个独眼巨人建筑,在河流洪水区的山谷中形成小型避难所(Tapada da Foz和Foz do Ribeiro das Taliscas)。在庇护所的内部,保留了啄食的岩画(Tapada da Foz)和切口(Taliscas的Foz doRibeiro)。建筑的日期至少是第一个避难所,来自史前(图1)
记录方法包括摄影测量技术的组合应用,用于两个避难所建筑的三维表示,以及形态残差模型(MRM)(Pires等人,2014年),以描绘这两个避难所的艺术品。与传统记录方法相比,这种技术的优势,特别是三维性、更高对比度的描绘、客观性、多功能性和便携性,克服了以前研究中在识别和跟踪岩石艺术方面遇到的主要困难(Henriques 等人,2011 年和 2012 年)。
埃尔格斯河的源头位于塞拉德加塔(伊比利亚中部山脉),定义了葡萄牙和西班牙之间的边界,距离超过50公里,主要穿过新元古代(610-542 Ma)的变质沉积岩。然而,在Monfortinho,它突破了Armorican石英岩的顶部(488 435 Ma),并且在Salvaterra do Extremo和Segura旁边(图2),专注于Tardi-Variscanorogeny(315-300 Ma)的花岗岩,形成了壮丽的河流峡谷(Rodrigues等人,2008)。在俯瞰西侧埃尔格斯河的相邻平台上,出现了始新世 - 上新世(50-2 Ma)的碎屑沉积物褶皱,形成扁平的表面。
这条河冬季具有湍急的特点,夏季流量小,除了与塔霍河交汇处被塞迪略大坝淹没外,没有政权。该山谷几乎没有人类存在,具有很高的自然和景观价值,并已部分融入国际塔霍自然公园和子午线梅塞塔的自然地质公园,那里有几个地质古迹脱颖而出,如蒙福蒂尼奥峡谷、萨尔瓦特拉多埃斯特雷莫峡谷和塞古拉峡谷。
2007年,埃尔格斯河被评估为国家高水电潜力大坝计划,但没有被选中进行投资。在2005年和2007年,两个不同的考古学家团队在西班牙河岸(Nobre 2008,2009)和葡萄牙河岸(Henriques等人,2011,2013)独立进行了调查,结果在露头,天然庇护所(Abrigo Catarina)和两个建造的庇护所(Tapada da Foz和Taliscas的Foz do Ribeiro)中确定了16个具有史前岩石艺术的遗址。
这些遗址中的图形符号以拟人化的描绘为主(表1),特别是在右岸,以及圆形,主要在Erges河的左岸,这似乎代表了一个象征性的边界。除此之外,还有啄过的“云”,圆顶,切割的线性图形,可能的动物形态图形和不确定的图案。
最近,在位于上游塞古拉河流峡谷(Martins and Nobre 2013)的一个天然庇护所中发现了两块带有红色绘画的面板。这些面板的图像以“点”为主,主要按规则顺序排列,以及带有射线的圆形图形(“太阳形状”)。
埃尔格斯河下游已识别的岩画和绘画有机地融入了更广泛的图形世界,具有区域规模,分布在不同的地点和表现形式上。
P1 this paper follows presentation of IRAC, in 2015, about rock study.
P2 special attention => two cyclopean constructions
• small shelter in valley of river’s flood zone
• inside of shelter: petroglyphs and incisions preserved
• construction date: first, prehistory
p3 recording approach: combine application of photograms techniques and MRM model
• advantage: in three-dimensional: higher contrast depictions, objectivity, versatility and portability
• overcome difficulties in previous period: identification and tracing
p4 river E, define border between P&S and cross mostly metasedimentary rocks
• however, in M, E break through crest, focus on granitoids, form a magnificent canyons
• in the adjacent platforms: flatten surfaces
p5 the river characteristics: torrential in winter, small flow during summer
• free regime
• little human presence, high nature and landscape values
p6 in 2007, river E evaluated for NPD with high hydroelectric potential but was not selected for investment
• in 2005 and 2007, surveys have been performed independently by S&P => identification of 16 sites with pre-histrionic rock, in one nature shelter and two built shelters
p7 graphical symbols: anthropomorphic depictions on right bank, circular shape on left bank
• apart from these also: clouds, cupules..
p8 recently, two panels with red paintings discovered in nature shelters
• iconography dominated by points
p9 identifications in lower reaches integrate into wider graphic universe