ascribe to: 归因于
incise: 切割
meandering: 蜿蜒 = sinuous
designated: 特定的/指定的/被命名为,被指定为 elderly people don't know how to use designated machines.
venus: 金星
et al.: 以及其他人
viscosity: 粘度
preclude by: 被排除 preclude sb from: 防止,妨碍conceivably: 可想象的,可能地 = possibly 表示一种可能性,非确定性 = plausible
a form in c by b: a 由 b 在c中形成
eg. They also showed that carbonate-sulfate liquids could plausibly form in the shallow crust by burial of basaltl rock that was weathered at the surface.
1st: most volcanoes formation ascribed to basaltic lavas. However, in some places basaltic was incised by long meandering channels. Cannali's normal width and length. Shorter channels are due to basaltic lava. But the constant width one is enigmatic.
2nd: the flow of canali is constitute of low viscosity either very hot or had a melting temperature close to the surface of venus. Subface may help to reducing the cooling speed of basaltic and komatiitic lavas
3rd: the possible liquid in venus. It can even be water if the original temperature of venus is low enough. As for liquid sulfur, has the fast evaporation shortcoming. Carbonate-rich and carbonate- sulfate are feasible
2. 讨论是什么液体形成的?假设->反驳 不是玄武岩也不是K岩浆
● 说其实挺难得形成这么长的运河。必须是low-viscosity (either very hot, or had a melting temperature close to that of the Venus surfce)低粘稠度(要不然就特别热,要不然就是熔点接近火星表面)
->排除B和K岩浆
● 因此玄武岩和koma的岩浆都被排除了,因为他们很快冷却(不够热)
● 说这个快速冷却可以被降低通过一个隔热层,类似于一个屋顶,或者是部分的坚硬的平面漂浮或者覆盖在这个流动上面。
->再次排除B和K岩浆
● 另一方面呢,说这个玄武岩B的岩浆的底层表面流动可以被认为形成了长运河,但是不清楚那些弯弯曲曲是不是也可以形成。