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5. Cod Fish 鳕鱼
Collapsed 坍塌 predator 掠夺者 unmolested不受打扰的 prey掠夺languished 萎靡不振 collectively 集体的
Substantial 大量的 rebound反弹 outstripping超越
第一段:介绍背景并提出假设
- Cod fisheries collapsed in the 1990s.
- To recover the cod, strict limits on fishing.
- Rely on the indicated that: cod can lay enough egg and grow fast without molested.
第二段:现象:不符合预期假设
- The predictions were wrong: the cod showed no sign of recovery. And pre-collapse.
第三段: 解释原因
- Ignore the food wed.
- Adult cod eat forage fish, but forage fish eat the eggs and larvae of cod fish.
第四段:进一步解释
- Before:cod were not overfished, forage fish can’t eat more eggs
- After : less cod, more eggs were eaten by forage fish.
第五段:现状的改变
- Cod risen 30%.
- The key is forage fish exploded ,and no enough food, so they crash.
- Cod eggs can reach adulthood.
- But ecosystems are complex
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