OG2020每日閱讀訓練練習D36

Pistachio_lin

Hi 大家好，閱讀打卡訓練第36天。

Materials: OG2020

Passages:  

When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United States in 1916, he arrived at precisely the right historical moment. What made the moment right was the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918, which created an ideal constituency for someone with Garvey's message of unity, pride, and improved conditions for African American communities.

Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities. They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war. Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony FC ** has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture's expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills longstanding expectations.

Some  scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history. But such an argument only tends to obscure the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community. Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression.

思路/簡化:

When Jamaican-born social activist Marcus Garvey came to the United States in 1916, he arrived at precisely the right historical moment.

• (Introducing the relationship of the time 1916 and the Marcus Garvey)
  

What made the moment right was the return of African American soldiers from the First World War in 1918, which created an ideal constituency for someone with Garvey's message of unity, pride, and improved conditions for African American communities.

• (Why the context played an important role in MG's arrival. - ideal constituency for a message of unity, pride and improved condition.)
  

Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves segregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.

• (What formed the background: African American people were frustrated by white troops)
  

They returned to a United States that was as segregated as it had been before the war.

• (The context in which these African American people stayed)
  

Considering similar experiences, anthropologist Anthony FC ** has argued that when a perceptible gap arises between a culture's expectations and the reality of that culture, the resulting tension can inspire a revitalization movement: an organized, conscious effort to construct a culture that fulfills longstanding expectations.

• (What the backgrond can eventually leads: a revitalization movement)
  

Some   scholars have argued that Garvey created the consciousness from which he built, in the 1920s, the largest revitalization movement in African American history.

• (The role of MG in the revitalization movement: he built this consciousness toward the revitalization.)
  

But such an argument only tends to obscure the consciousness of identity, strength, and sense of history that already existed in the African American community. Garvey did not create this consciousness; rather, he gave this consciousness its political expression.

• (Some other opposing views. MG just gave the already existing consciousness a way to political expression)
  

Structure: the story in 1916 USA
- MG and the 1916 USA
    - 1916 USA, background: return of African American soldiers from 1st world war; a background created an ideal constituency for a message of unity, pride, and improved conditions.    - Why 1st world war created such a background. frustrated African American people and the atucal background in which they stayed.
    - A revitalization movement can evetually come as an output of the context.
    - The role of MG in the largest revitalization movement in African American history.
        - he created the consciousness to the largest revitalization
        - he did not creat it but give the polictial expression for the consciousness.

1. According to the passage, which of the following contributed to Marcus Garvey's success?

(A) He introduced cultural and historical consciousness to the African American community.
(B) He believed enthusiastically in the traditional American success ethos.
(C) His audience had already formed a consciousness that made it receptive to his message.

• (MG just gave the already existing consciousness a way to political expression)
  

(D) His message appealed to critics of African American support for United States military involvement in the First World War.
(E) He supported the movement to protest segregation that had emerged prior to his arrival in the United States.

2. The passage suggests that many African American people responded to their experiences in the armed forces in which of the following ways?

(A) They maintained as civilians their enthusiastic allegiance to the armed forces.
(B) They questioned United States involvement in the First World War.
(C) They joined political organizations to protest the segregation of African American troops and the indignities they suffered in the military.
(D) They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture.

• (What formed the background of the revitalization : African American people were frustrated by white troops)
  

(E) They repudiated Garvey's message of pride and unity.

3. It can be inferred from the passage that the “ scholars ” mentioned in the highlight text believe which of the following to be true?
<這題自己在選的時候也猶豫了滿久，這些Scholars相信: MG創造了這個consciousness -> 進而創造了revitalization.>
(A) Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War.

• Scholars相信是MG創造的不是 Soldiers.
  

(B) Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States.

• (沒錯，雖然很難想像MG需要改變一群attitudes. 但是這確實很符合這些scholars的邏輯. MG改變了原本的attitude -> 進而創造出引起revitalization的consciousness)
  

(C) The prevailing sensibility of the African American community provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey's political appeal.

• 也不對，這是作者的想法。
  

(D) Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American community.
(E) The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans.

• D, E講的都是MG在現有的基礎上去做事情，而不是去創造一件新的事情？。跟這些scholars的想法相違背。
  

4. According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons?

(A) They wished to escape worsening economic conditions in African American communities.
(B) They expected to fulfill ideals of personal attainment.

• (定位原句: Hoping to participate in the traditional American ethos of individual success, many African American people entered the armed forces with enthusiasm, only to find themselves s egregated from white troops and subjected to numerous indignities.)
  

(C) They sought to express their loyalty to the United States.
(D) They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation.
(E) They saw military service as an opportunity to fulfill Marcus Garvey's political vision.


以上分析，還請有想法的大大們不吝分享。謝謝！