OG2020每日閱讀訓練練習D17

Pistachio_lin

Hi 大家好，打卡閱讀訓練第17天。

Materials/sources: OG2020

Passage:

This passage is excerpted from material published in 1997.Scientists have been puzzled by the seeming disparity between models of global warming based on

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greenhouse gas emissions and actual climatological data. In short, the world is not warming up as much as these models have predicted. In the early 1990s, Pat Michaels sought to explain this disparity, suggesting that sulfate emissions in industrial areas had a cooling

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effect, thus temporarily retarding global warming. Michaels later came to doubt this idea, however, pointing out that since most sulfate is emitted in the Northern Hemisphere, its cooling influence should be largely limited to that hemisphere. Yet, since 1987,

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warming in the Southern Hemisphere, which had been relatively intense, has virtually ceased, while warming in the north has accelerated. Thus, Michaels not only doubted the idea of sulfate cooling, but came to feel that global warming models themselves may be

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flawed.

Ben Santer disagrees. Santer contends that, in general, global warming occurs more slowly in the south because this hemisphere is dominated by oceans, which warm more slowly than the landmasses

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that dominate the Northern Hemisphere. But, according to Santer, the situation remains complicated by sulfate cooling, which peaked in the north in the mid-twentieth century. It drastically slowed warming in the Northern Hemisphere, and warming in the

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Southern Hemisphere raced ahead. Since 1987, Santer argues, the greenhouse effect has reasserted itself, and the north has taken the lead. Thus, Santer disputes Michaels’s claim that model predictions and observed data differ fundamentally.

簡化/思路   

    Scientists have been puzzled by the seeming disparity between models of global warming based on greenhouse gas emissions and actual climatological data. (作者些提出一個discrepancy, 什麼樣的discrepancy)   
    In short, the world is not warming up as much as these models have predicted. (這個disparity代表的意思是什麼. *not warming up as much as models have predicted)   
    In the early 1990s, Pat Michaels sought to explain this disparity, suggesting that sulfate emissions in industrial areas had a cooling effect, thus temporarily retarding global warming. (有個人 <PM>試著去解釋這個disparity, 提出了一個解釋 <sulfate emission - temporarily retarding warming>)   
    Michaels later came to doubt this idea, however, pointing out that since most sulfate is emitted in the Northern Hemisphere, its cooling influence should be largely limited to that hemisphere. (接著解釋上一句提出來的可能的原因 -> 懷疑這個說法的可行性)
    Yet, since 1987, warming in the Southern Hemisphere, which had been relatively intense, has virtually ceased, while warming in the north has accelerated.  (說明懷疑的原因 northern hemisphere 溫度上升; southern hemisphere的warming卻停了 *contrast)   
    Thus, Michaels not only doubted the idea of sulfate cooling, but came to feel that global warming models themselves may be flawed. (PM's conclusion 1. <sulfate cooling 不對>, 2. <這些models也有問題>)

    Ben Santer disagrees. Santer contends that, in general, global warming occurs more slowly in the south because this hemisphere is dominated by oceans, which warm more slowly than the landmasses that dominate the Northern Hemisphere. (寫這一句的目的是接續著上面PM的邏輯; 說明BS反對這個PM的邏輯; 指出PM的推論不對並且給出證據 south dominated by oceans versus north dominated by landmass)
    But, according to Santer, the situation remains complicated by sulfate cooling, which peaked in the north in the mid-twentieth century.  (BS說實際情況還是因為sulfate cooling這事情有點複雜的, sulfate cooling在20世紀中期達到頂峰)
    It drastically slowed warming in the Northern Hemisphere, and warming in the Southern Hemisphere raced ahead. (sulfate cooling這件事情在北半球的影響, 與此同時南半球的warming比北半球快)
    Since 1987, Santer argues, the greenhouse effect has reasserted itself, and the north has taken the lead. (1987年後 BS說greenhouse effect開始了, 所以北半球warming up的多)
    Thus, Santer disputes Michaels’s claim that model predictions and observed data differ fundamentally. (根據這些論證, BS駁斥PM的說法)

段落整理

第一段:引入一個問題, 給出可能的假設, 但最後說假設不對，並同時質疑"問題"本身是否正確。
第二段: 駁斥第一段的結論, 並且給出證據說明。



1. The passage suggests that, in the early 1990s, Michaels would have been most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the disparity mentioned in lines 3-4?


A. This disparity is relatively less extreme in the Northern Hemisphere because of sulfate cooling.
B. This disparity is only a short-term phenomenon brought about by sulfate cooling. (定位 Pat Michaels sought to explain this disparity, suggesting that sulfate emissions in industrial areas had a cooling effect, thus temporarily retarding global warming.)
C. This disparity is most significant in those parts of the world dominated by oceans.
D. The extent of this disparity is being masked by the temporary effect of sulfate cooling.
E. The disparity confirms that current models of global warming are correct.


2. According to the passage, Santer asserts which of the following about global warming?

A. It will become a more serious problem in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere in spite of the cooling influence of oceans in the south. (沒提到這是不是個問題)
B. It is unlikely to be a serious problem in the future because of the pervasive effect of sulfate cooling. (同A)
C. It will proceed at the same general rate in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres once the temporary influence of sulfate cooling comes to an end. (這句話本身有問題, 他說南半球本來就會比北半球還要慢)
D. Until the late 1980s, it was moderated in the Northern Hemisphere by the effect of sulfate cooling. (定位: Since 1987, Santer argues, the greenhouse effect has reasserted itself, and the north has taken the lead.)
E. Largely because of the cooling influence of oceans, it has had no discernible impact on the Southern Hemisphere. (這句話看起來很對，但其實有問題: 前半句說cooling influence 我感覺沒問題，但是後面說"no discernible impact".. 不太對，雖然南半球warm up more slowly, 但是一定是發現他有"worming"的狀況 才會說他warm up more slowly)




3. The passage suggests that Santer and Michaels would be most likely to DISAGREE over which of the following issues?

A. Whether climatological data invalidates global warming models (BS disagrees versus Michaels not only doubted the idea of sulfate cooling, but came to feel that global warming models themselves may be flawed.)
B. Whether warming in the Northern Hemisphere has intensified since 1987
C. Whether disparities between global warming models and climatological data can be detected
D. Whether landmasses warm more rapidly than oceans
E. Whether oceans have a significant effect on global climate patterns




以上分析，還請大大們不吝分享，謝謝。