【揽瓜阁6.0】Day4 2021.03.11【社会科学-旅游、经济】

菅直男

Day4
What will travel look like after the pandemic?
1.总结文章中心大意
Travel的在不同时代的变化，及在疫情打击下旅游业的现状和未来分析

2.总结分论点或每段段落大意

1-6:Travel的在不同时代的变化，从前到现在，旅行的麻烦（行李、随从、消耗时间、交通工具问题）越来越少，已经可以在旅途中享受更多的闲暇
7：原本旅游业催生了一条庞大的产业链，而疫情对整个产业链造成重创，即使有了有效的疫苗，复苏也遥遥无期。
8：转折：疫情带来的好处：①减少商业旅游造成的温室气体排放。②过载的旅游点可以take a break。③人们财富和旅游的欲望持续积累，可能会在未来催生一个更好的旅游业。

3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and narrow-mindedness.
That is ten times the shortfall in travel spending in 2009 after the financial crisis. And recovery looks far off, even with effective vaccines.

4.总结文章中的生词
unpacks：揭示
galleons：西班牙大帆船，盖伦船
gunwales：船缘
Aristocrats：贵族
Ground tour：（从前英国贵族子女的）遍游欧洲大陆的教育旅行
trekked：长途跋涉
wherewithal：必要的资金
wheelie-bag： 轮式包
stayed put：呆在原地bigotry ：固执
narrow-mindedness：目光短浅
refugees  难民
Mecca  麦加
tills  收银台
plunge 跳水
curtail  缩减
blight   破坏、枯萎
reckon  猜想
pandemic  大型流行病

5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间
11min
30min



文2：
Social and Political skills have become the real key

1.总结文章中心大意
研究表明，成功的经理不是高效的经理，而是精通社交和政治技能，这美国公司自身有些问题，也提供了改善问题一些启发

2.总结分论点或每段段落大意
第一段：研究表明，对比工作高效的经理，精通社交和政治技能的经理更容易获得成功和晋升。而不到10%的经理兼具高效和政治社交技能，这不影响试验结果。

第二段：研究结果与传统观点相悖，工作表现好的经理比不过精通社交和政治技能的，讽刺的是，不具备管理三要素的经理也能通过社交、政治而得到晋升（Top）。
这启发了美国公司应该把晋升制度与工作表现关联起来。

3.摘抄印象深刻或者觉得优美的句子
4.总结文章中的生词
Belie：证伪
Meagre： 微薄的
negate：否认

5.记录阅读时间、总结时间、总时间
6min
10min

Charlotte50

Day4

What will travel look like after the pandemic
阅读笔记：
        1. Luggage >> changes in international travel:
15th galleons & voyages >>gunwales (?) take yrs
18th horse & trunks, servants & furniture >> EU months
19th suitcase, for wealth, weeks
1970s wheelie bag, mass travel, few nights
        2. ↓ $ & ↑speed of LD Travel≫ ↑wbag
↓aire fares, ↑income, ↑leisure time≫
↑accessibility of foreign trip routine & outbound travel , for stress relieving
Travel ≫ experience & memories or IG moments

        3. Ease of tourism: ↑tourism,  ↑internatioanl business , ↑world^′ s connection

        4. Before: few people went far, due to poor transportation ( wind, horse, train)
                100 yrs ago, ocean liner and airship, pricy! (gave examples)
                Big surge in International Trip: flying
                Real game changer: cheaper fares
               
        5. 3/5 of international tourists travel by plane in 2019, 5% by sea and 1%by train
        35% of traveler crossing broader by car is from EU ≪ continental advantage & G road construction  
       
        6. International travelers boost local economy > ↑local employment
        7. Impacts of covid19: #tourist ↓70−75%, ↓travel $, worse than FC.
        8. However, good for destination's eco recovery.
        Covid19: made travel easier and less damaging

Author: holding a optimistic view towards travel industry

文章大意：
作者通过列举不同时期的旅游方式， 对国际旅游的发展史进行回顾，表明国际旅游的蓬勃发展源于出行工具的日益便利，出行成本降低，人们有更多的储蓄和时间以投入到旅游中。旅游业的发展不仅使人们的出行成本大大降低，使得世界联系更加紧密， 也促进了旅游目的地的经济发展。 虽然各项数据表明covid19对旅游业有及其大和负面的影响，但旅游业会抓住这个机遇，开启新的篇章。

段落大意：
        1. 从行李回顾国际旅游的发展史
        2. 解释旅游业发展的各项因素： falling cost, rising income, ,more time , psychological needs (stress, broaden mind)
        3. 解释旅游业发展的好处
        4. 解释交通工具的发展对于旅游业发展的帮助
        5. 列举和比较不同的出行方式和出行目的
        6. 解释旅游业发展对当地经济的好处
        7. 引出新冠疫情对于旅游业的负面影响
        8. 最后引出观点，尽管旅游复苏困难重重， 旅游业已蓄势待发。


句子摘抄：
And if not every mind is broadened, surely few suffer the opposite effect.
(很喜欢这个句子）需要根据上文理解。Travel brings new experiences and memories (or moments to capture on Instagram). 旅游能为人们带来新的体验和记忆。如果不是每个人都能拥有开阔的眼界，旅游至少能让少一些人因为见识短浅承受不好的影响。

As Mark Twain put it, “Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry and narrow-mindedness.”
旅行对于偏见、偏执和心胸狭窄是致命的

Yet until recently few people went far.
倒装句：直到最近之前，只有少部分人走到过远方。

Today’s travel industry may have taken a battering—but the new one that emerges could be better than ever.
当下的旅游业也许承受到了巨大的打击，但待行业修整过后重新出发，新的面貌会比以往任何时候都要更好。
阅读时间：8mins， 整理时间：20mins

生词：
Gunwales n. [船]舷缘
Fatal adj. 致命的
Horsepower 马力 （功率单位）


Social and Political skills have become the real key
阅读笔记：
        1. Study: social & political skills >> successful manager's advantage.
        Successful manager (sm) v.s effective manager (em): disimilar
        - Sm get promote quickly, good at networking
        - Em not good at networking
        2. The findings against the typical performance-metric for promotion: × perform well BUT good at mgm, commu & HRM. Hence, US comps need to ensure promotion ties to performance rather than other three. >>  ↑performance & productivity.

中心大意：
本文指出当下美国一些公司在人才提拔方面的问题。 人才选拔不是根据经理的业绩表现，而是更多地依据经理的社交能力。作者表示这样的选拔依据不利于公司的运作和生产力的提升，建议重新以业绩表现作为选拔的标准。
段落大意：
        1. 指出当下一些公司中存在两种经理， 一种升值速度快，善于社交，但表现并不亮眼。相反，另一种经理工作表现好，有衷心的下属，但社交能力不占优
        2. 指出依据人际关系和社交能力的选拔系统不利于公司的发展和生产力，建议公司以工作业绩作为主要判断依据。

句子摘抄：
American companies may find the solution to their performance related problems in their own backyard.
美国一些公司应该从自己身上找寻解决公司业绩问题的方法。

Indeed the findings of the study do not negate the reality that there are managers who strike a balance between the activities performed by both types of managers and hence are successful and effective at the same time, but the meagre percentage such managers formed of the study's sample, barely ten percent, affirms the general divide between successful and effective managers.
        - Strike a balance between 在。。。之间达成平衡
        - Meagre adj. 贫乏的
        - Affirm vt. 断定， 确定

阅读时间：5mins 整理时间：20 mins

vivianjy

第一篇
Travel发展带动了旅游业。现今疫情对旅游业重创，但也有好处，旅游业会变得更好。

成本在降低，远距离旅行速度在提升。旅行可以带来新的经验与记忆。
出行便利不光拓展了旅游业，对商务出差，亲友聚会等都带来了便利。
出国成本下降，人数上升。
做飞机出行认出占比35%。自驾出国的大部分是欧洲人。
国际旅客主要的开支在吃住租车观光，这些费用贡献了大部分GPD。
2020年，疫情让人们无法旅行，因此国际旅游下降了70-75%，期待疫苗后旅游业恢复。
现金旅游业可能正在遭受重创，但疫情会让他变得更好。

Luggage unpacks        行李开箱
sail in galleons        大帆船航行
gunwales        舷窗
voyages        航程
Aristocrats        贵族
grand tour        盛大之旅
trekked        跋涉
horse-drawn carriages        马拉车
art the wherewithal        钱财


用时30min

第二篇

研究现实在商业世界，社会政治能力是通往组织上游的钥匙，是成功管理者的优势。但能将社交和效率像平衡的管理者很少。
美国公司需要他们的表现和产出与回馈如升职挂钩，成功管理者改变原来只看重社会政治能力，而专注在高效产出。


Backyard        后院
Organisation        组织
Committed subordinates        承诺下属
Plethora        过多
Negate        否定
Strike        罢工
Meagre        微薄
Affirms        申明
Cynical         愤世嫉俗的
Politicking        政治化

总用时：30min

Noellee

3.11
泛读：10分钟
Main idea:Before the covid-19,people always are fond of travelling for kinds of reasons,but because of the pandemic many tourism suffer from the winter and it is difficult for them to recovery.
分论点：1.the long history of travelling.
2.although travelling is very common today, majority of people don not tend to travel far because of the expensive cost.
3.people travel for different reasons, which give the flourish of the economy environment.
4.it is very difficult for travel to recovery especially after the pandemic.
5.after the pandemic, the high short-term costs will possibly become easier and cheap, and it may be better than ever.
生词：
Luggage 行李
Gunwales鲸鱼
Voyages航程
Supplies补给品
Aristocrats贵族
Trekked跋涉
Vast广阔的
Symbolise象征
Era时代
Bigotry偏执
multinational 跨国
Steam蒸汽
Afield场
Transatlantic跨大西洋
Religious宗教的
Sought寻求
Tills耕种
Devastated毁坏
Oecd经合组织
plunged in陷入
intensifying加剧
curtail 消减
blighted秕
battering打击
permanently永久
galleons 大帆船
scene场面
dispersed分散的
excludes排除
motive动机
tills耕种

好句：
This report will argue that, for all its high short-term costs, the pandemic may accelerate trends that will eventually make travel both easier and less damaging.

Social and political skills have become the mireal key
泛读：10分钟；总结：15分钟
Main idea: successful managers do well in the socializing and politicking, but do not focus on the productivity. American companies should try to balance these skills for the managers.
分论点：
1.networking was one activity that the successful managers put top on their to-do list.
2.although socializing is very important, managers should have good performance and politicking skills at the same time.
生词：
Committed 忠诚的；坚定的
Subordinate 下级的、次要的
Negate 使无效、取消
Meagre 很少的、不足的
Affirm证实、确认、断言
Assumption假定、假设
Implication 暗指、暗示
Cynical愤世嫉俗的
Socializing参加社交活动
Politicking 拉选票
好句：
Accordingly, it comes as no surprise that networking, which consists of socializing or politicking and interacting with others, was one activity that, out of the core four activities among the  plethora of activities performed by managers, topped the list for successful managers but was ranked the lowest in the list of activities performed by the effective ones.

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Carlisler

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yyking625

【文章】
第一段：
背景：行李反映国际旅行的变迁。
galleons （gunwales ys）——carriage 18th (trunks )——suitcase 19th 
17th 的大规模旅行，携带必需品的需求，促成 w bag 出现。
第二段：
上述背景产生的原因：w bag ← travel cost ↓ speed ↑ leisure time ↑
travel （﹢）exp, memo, mind,→ 不公
第三段：
展开上文的转向论述：travel (＋)→ business 扩, family 可以apart
第四段：
怪事：为啥travel好，travel也便宜了，直到最近才go far。← 解释怪事：慢，贵，火车班轮 & eg. ——flying——cheaper fares (real game changer )
第五段：
展开新话题：travel的类型
第六段：
travellers ↑ spending ↑ jobs
第七段：
Covid 19 × move × tourism recover
第八段：
转折：travel ban除了不好的事还是好事。
G gas ↓ overtourism ↓ ——使永久。
富裕并不必然导致旅行 travel → easier & × damaging 
让步再回来，travel could be better

【单词】
galleons 大帆船
gunwales 船舷上边
aristocrats 贵族
trek 艰难跋涉
trunks 箱子
wherewithal 必要的资金
wheelie bag 提包？
dispersed 散步的
afield 去野外，在远处
far off 久远的
plunge 突然下落
blight 摧残
battering 重创 连续打击

【时间】
第一次阅读时间6，整理15分钟，共计21分钟

【文章】
第一段：
作者观点：可以发现绩效表现的解决方案。
展开例子，研究表明：s & p skills （+）getting ahead，继续用比较突出中心：suc manager ×= effective managers，旧信息，继续说，s & p （+）suc ×= effective
作者结论：
让步尽管有可以兼顾的，转折，divide suc & effective
第二段：
作者观点，继续展开：performance与成功不一致。com & management & hr 不是最好，但是top level。
推论：promotion = performance
s & p （﹣）

【生词】
plethora 过剩，过多
meagre 贫乏的
belie 与……不符，违背
cynical 讽刺的

【时间】
第一次阅读时间3分30秒，整理15分钟，共计18分钟30秒

HiEdison

第一篇 （Time: 7m 21s+30m）
Subject: introduction of tourism’s development & analysis of impacts of COVID-19 on tourism
Sub-points:
P 1-6 Introduction of tourism’s development
-        The history/development of tourism (reflected by luggage): 15c start-->18c aristocrats’ grand tour-->20c few nights
-        The trend of tourism: cost↓ distance↑the increasing ease of travel expanded tourism, business travel, interpersonal relationship development
-        In the past, travel traffic was both expensive and time-consuming (the author gave some examples).
Nowadays, travel traffic is booming rapidly (also gave examples), and most of the international travel is by plane > cars (Europe)>sea>train
-        The significant economic status of tourism: create jobs, contribute to global exports, and so on
P 7-8 The impact of COVID-19 on tourism
-        Negative: international arrivals↓, less spending↓, recovery is difficult
-        Positive: curtail pollution, protect destinations, promote a healthier development way of tourism

Vocabulary:
wheelie-bag 轮式包
till 收银机，钱柜
blight  v.破坏
bigotry 固执
wherewithal 所需物资 (尤指资金)

Good Expression Collection:
International travellers have filled tills for hotels.【till原来还有收银机，钱柜的意思！】好的 知道了 以后如果想表达“赚得盆满钵满”，除了塞满荷包之外 还可以说塞满收银机^ ^
马克吐温的这句话也很喜欢：“Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness.”

第二篇（Time: 4mins+45 mins）
Subject: 一项经管学的研究及其带来的启示。研究内容：人际交往技能最强的manager（successful）≠最有成就的manager(effective)。
Sub-points:
P1. Finding
- Social and political skills have been increasingly important in today's business world.
- Comparison between successful managers & effective managers
- Networking skill is in suc mag but in effe managers
P2.
- These findings belie the traditional wisdom.
- The finding believe that managers who perform best in communication, traditional mgt, and HRM can be promoted to the top-level (instead of managers who are most accomplishing).
- The finding shed light on the organizational mgt: successful managers and effective managers should improve themselves by studying each other's fileds.
Good Expression Collection/ Complex Sentence Analysis:
The study found out that successful managers, those who get promoted relatively quickly vis-a-vis effective managers, perform day-to-day activities that are more or less dissimilar to the ones conducted by effective managers of those who have satisfied, committed subordinates, in addition to high performing units.
研究发现：successful manager比effective manager晋升快，这两种manager的daily work稍有不同，Effective manager通常都有satisfied and committed subordinates和高产出工作。
（这句话难就难在（我可能理解错了555）一层套一层 贼多的修饰：俩those who, activities that are, 让人有点晕, 我想了好久第二个of those who的antecedent是谁 晕了）

Indeed, the findings of the study do not negate the reality that there are managers who strike a balance between the activities performed by both types of managers and hence are successful and effective at the same time, but the meager percentage of such managers formed of the study's sample, barely ten percent, affirms the general divide between successful and effective managers.
Findings并不否认有些贼牛的managers可以在successful and effective之间达到平衡。但由于牛牛很少（只有10%），所以我们还是可以generally把manager分成successful and effective managers两类。

In effect, the study's implications affirm the cynical, yet what now seems real, view that people who are not necessarily the most accomplishing in terms of performing well in the other three key activity areas, namely communication, traditional mgt, and HRM, are being promoted to the top level.
句子核心想表达的是：这项study证实了【在这三项技能（communication, traditional mgt, and HRM）上表现最出色的≠最accomplishing的。而在这三项技能表现最出色的，是能被提升到最高级别的】 （俺琢磨了半天being promoted to the top level到底是在说谁？？现在还是没搞懂，蹲蹲大佬的笔记分析）

Vocabulary:
vis-a-vis与…相较
politicking 政治活动（尤指拉选票）
plethora 过多过剩
affirm 公开证实
belie 掩饰，与…不符
cynical 冷嘲热讽的
in effect实际上

可能的出题点（cr: Judy,这个部分是被她的笔记启发哒 俺好喜欢看Judy的笔记嘎嘎嘎 好有逻辑^ ^）：
-        过去传统观念认为哪种人最有可能被promote？（第二段第一句）
-        这个study imply了什么/有什么practical meaning? （最后一句）
-        以下关于successful managers/ effective managers的说法，哪一项是对的？（第一段中间，successful manager比effective manager晋升快）

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