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Subject: WWA pointed out that climate change is responsible for many extreme weather phenomena, especially Siberia’s heatwave
Sub-points
P1. Context: Abnormal high temperature (heatwaves) in Siberian Arctic
P2-5. Introduction of WWA
- Definition: a project specialises in quantifying the role that climate change plays in extreme-weather events)
- Method: through simulation to estimate the odds of specific extreme-weather
- Cases: 2019, Europe, heatwave 5 times; June, Arctic, heat waves, 600/1000+ times; 2018, Japan, strong relation
P6-8. Negative impact of Arctic heatwave: sea ice↓; land wildfire↑; Arctic nations prepare for hotter summers
Vocabulary:
modern industries began churning out large quantities of greenhouse gases 【churn out 艰苦做出,大量炮制】;
a heatwave then besetting Europe【beset v.困扰,镶嵌,围绕】
The increased likelihood is several orders of magnitude greater than such studies normally find【orders of magnitude 数量级】
attribution modelling 归因模型
making it imperative that Arctic nations prepare for more hot summers【imperative 至关重要的,紧迫的】
Read: 10mins Summarize: 30 mins
第二篇
Subject: elephants have emotional response to bee rumbles
Sub-points:
P1. Context: 大象对蜂声有反应;--> research and experiment: 即使没有蜜蜂,只播放蜂声,大象也会逃
P2. further control experiment: 大象对bee rumble比对frequency-shifted call更敏感,且听到bee alarm call跑的贼远
P3-4. Conclusion, Limitations, Expectations, and Further Hypothesis: researchers 认为以上实验说明大象对声音的反映是emotional response 可以teach young elephants and warm peers; 但这还需要被进一步验证;科学家猜想:就像人一样,大象也会用不同的声音来传达不同的意思
vocabulary
rumble 隆隆声
the calls also give tantalising clues 【tantalise verb. (以可望而不可及之物) 逗引】
vowel 元音
Time:4.5mins+ 20 mins
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