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Lucid dreamers may be able to talk to the outside world
Main Idea
This article described a scientific research and finding on how dreamers may be able to talk to the outside world when they have lucid dreams.
论点/段落大意
P1-P2
Dreams are important to all humans and mammals, and scientists believed that dreams are involved in the processing of memories. Since only one kind of sleep - “rapid eye movement” (rem) sleep, is associated with lucid dream, a team of scientists led by Ken Paller came up with a method to study the dreamers during their rem sleep, hoping that to reach out to people in such states, and to get answer back.
P3-P5
These three paragraphs described the experiment process and the result of the study. These 35 volunteers were trained to be mindful of their mental state and to make eye movements to indicate that they were aware they were dreaming, and thus in response to questions. Interviewed upon waking, the volunteers reported that the questions had been incorporated into their dreams in various ways.
P6
Based on the results and statistics that scientists gathered from the study, the scientists refuted the notion that attempting communication with dreamers is pointless. Nonetheless, it may help researchers shed some light on what dreams are, and how they work.
印象深刻/优美句子
N/A
生词
Lucid dream n. A type of dream where the dreamer becomes aware that they are dreaming - lucid adj. 清醒的,清楚的
Accord n. agreement
Manifested as v. demonstrated as
Refute v. refuse 拒绝
Notion n. A conception of or belief about something
→ refute the notion
Land of Nod: 梦乡
阅读时间:2:48 mins
总结时间:25 mins
总时间: 28 mins
Austronesian
Main Idea
整篇短文通过历史背景以及Austronesian language在世界各地的分布,推算Austronesian的起源。
论点/段落大意
P1: 正常情况下,菲律宾的地理位置应该只会使得菲律宾人和New Guiean和Australian拥有相似的外貌。 实际上,仅有小部分的New Giunean与这两个人种相似,大部分的菲律宾人跟马来西亚人跟亚洲东南人以及中国南方人有着相似外表。Th Philippin Negritos应该是Wiwor的后代,并且他们也已经丧失了他们原来的语言。
(文章背景及铺垫)
P2: 前一个段落陈述的事实证明tropical Southeast Asians或South Chinese所使用的的Andtronesian languages取代了大部分菲律宾人跟马来西亚人使用的语言。尽管他们的语言比中国8大语系多,但是并没有多样性,由此证明了这些岛屿没有经过政治及文化的统一化。
P3: 语言的分布为Austronesian的扩散路线提供了有效的信息。Austronesian Language概括了958种语言,其中MP分支为很多其他本土语言提供了基础,但并未有过多语言学上的差异。寻找Austronesian的起源,应该要考虑除MP外,其他三个语言的分支的分布。
P4: 其他三个语言的分支都来源于台湾,根据文中述说的具体历史背景推算出其他所有Andtronesian language的起源都来自台湾。
P5: 人类迁移活动与语言相关。考古证据证明Austronesian来源于台湾。
P6: 台湾在新石器时代就有渔业存在,更是大陆训练海运技术的地方。
P1-P2背景加铺垫,引出P3-P4,推算出P5,P6为P5补充
印象深刻/优美句子
N/A
生词
Austronesian n. 南島語系
Guineans n. 几内亚
Negritos :矮黑人
Relict n. 残遗
Proliferation n. 增殖
Termed adj. Named
confined to v. limited to
neolithic:新石器
Maritime:海运技术
Artifacts n. an object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest. 原始工具
Sinkers:铅锤
Archaeology n. 考古学
Realm n. area, field
Neolithic adj. 新石器时代的
阅读时间:7:52 mins (复读了几段加强理解)
总结时间:30mins
总时间: 38mins
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