【揽瓜阁5.0】Day6 2021.02.13【自然科学-生物、地理、生物】

700++++++

第一篇
结构：
1 背景：L用干细胞种植脑神经
2 L种植的脑器官能够产生电脉冲，引起科学家们的兴趣
3 实验：M用电极来测试种植脑器官的活性，发现各部分同步发展。结论：脑器官生长得和正常人脑一样
4 未来：优点：帮助治疗神经疾病，成为移植器官；缺点：可能无意识

词汇：
cerebral 大脑的
organoids 有机化合物
synchronous 同步的
coaxed 引诱
fray 争斗
probe 探究

摘抄：
Neurons probed in this way proved electrically active, so the researchers went on to employ arrays of electrodes inserted simultaneously into different parts of an organoid to study its overall activity.

时长：
3分35
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第二篇
结构：
1 现象：S湾水温低，出现浮游植物剧增和赤潮。通常观点：氮浓度增高导致浮游植物激增。现象矛盾之处：浮游植物在低氮浓度中激增
2 解释：水温变冷，水生动物移到温暖水域。捕食者增多，防浮游植物激增的clams数量下降，因此浮游植物泛滥。

词汇：
tide 潮流
phytoplankton 浮游植物
estuary 河口
clam 蛤

摘抄：
/

时长：
1分15

苦觉

第一篇文章的实验室片段属实看不太明白，没法脑补那个场景，就不太好理解

jannabi321

Day 6 打卡 JANNABI321

mibem的Amber

Day 6

vinago

Cerebral organoids are becoming more brainlike: Like real brains, they show signs of synchronous electrical activity
阅读时间:4‘38
总结时间: 27’44
总时间: 32’

文章中心大意
Background: the goal of an experiment through which Dr Lancaster grew cerebral organoids -> the achievement made from the scientific research -> the advantage and disadvantage of the development of brain research

每段段落大意
1，To find out at what point a mass of nerve cells in a lab become a brain, Dr Lancaster started an experiment in 2013 by growing pluripotent human-derived cells.

2, Since then, Dr Lancaster announced that cerebral organoids could make the muscle twitch when connected to the spinal cord and back-muscle of a mouse, the findings that indicates cerebral organoids could generate electrical impulses. Dr Muotri and his team, other scientists did the similar experiments, found that cerebral organoids show signs of synchronous electrical activity, a feature of real brains.

3, The development in the brain work has many advantages. First, it could benefit for further study of some diseases. Second, the organoids might be used as transplant material for people whose brains destroyed.
However, on the other side, this development may arouse ethical conflicts.

印象深刻的句子
The electrical activity in different parts of an individual organoid had become synchronized.=> show signs of synchronous electrical activity

生词：
Cerebral: 1， if you describe someone or something as cerebral, you mean that they are intellectual rather than emotional
2，cerebral means relating to the brain 大脑的
Synchronous： happening at the same time or speed
Pluripotent： 多能性的
Albeit：即使，尽管
Twitch：急拉
Leaps and bounds 跨域式发展
Their coordination has improved by leaps and bounds
Fray: the fray is an exciting or challenging activity, situation, or argument that you are involved in. 角逐
Boon: you can describe something as a boon when it makes life better or easier for someone.
It is for this reason that television proves such a boon to so many people
Hold back: 退缩，阻止
Pressing：a pressing problem, need, or issue has to be dealt with immediately
紧迫的

Red Tides
阅读时间:2’40
总结时间: 17’
总时间: 20’

文章中心大意
Point out a surprising phenomenon-> describe the traditional view -> new discovery which can explain the surprising phenomenon

每段段落大意
1, Point out a phenomenon: increased phytoplankton blooms and red tides in San Francisco Bay resulted from a decline in ocean temperatures
2, traditional view: scientists normally attribute phytoplankton blooms with increases in the amount of nutrients. But this phytoplankton blooms in the Bay occurred with a different picture.
3, Explanations for this phenomenon： The decline in ocean temperatures caused marine life migrate to the Bay, leading to the increase in the number of predators and in turn, the drop in the number of filter feeders, such as clams, which feed on phytoplankton.

生词：
Estuary: an estuary is the wide part of a river where it joins the sea 河口
Runoff: run-off is rainwater that forms a stream rather than being absorbed by the ground

Syl小via

DAY 6

Leonado7

Leonado7第六天打卡

SongRui

• 
  
• 对于大脑神经组织培养的相关研究与成果
• 文章大意
  
  • P 1：提出问题，给出背景介绍
    
    • ML提出了问题——实验室培养的神经细胞何时才能变成大脑？
      
    • 科学家们通过干细胞培养出了第一个人源 “脑组织”。尽管只具有一些人胚脑有的细胞类型和解剖特点。
      
  • P 2：详细介绍研究来解释“类器官”
    
    • 研究人员用大量的电极同时植入一个组织的不同部位，不同部位电活动出现同步化。
      
    • 同步化也是真正大脑的一个特征，这被认为是健康大脑的一个重要功能。
      
    • 研究人员分析了电波，提示神经组织确实与自然大脑有着相似的生长模式。
      
  • P  3：提出技术未来的使用前景，以及伦理问题
    
    • 未来神经组织会用作移植材料，用来帮助那些中风引起部分脑损害的病人。
      
    • 对伦理学家来说，如果从人类干细胞中生长的类器官开始变得更大，伦理问题就变得紧迫起来。
      
• 生词
  
  • Petri dish ：培养皿
    
  • pluripotent：多功能的
    
  • coax ：哄劝；劝诱
    
  • embryonic human brains：人胚脑
    
  • spinal cord：脊髓
    
  • electrically active：电活性，电活跃状态
    
  • synchronize：同步
    
  • preterm 早产的
    
• 句子
  
  • And, although it may be some time in the future, there is also the possibility that organoids might one day be used as transplant material in people who have had part of their brains destroyed by strokes.
    
  • 尽管，这会发生在未来的某个时间，但也有可能，神经组织未来某天会用作移植材料，用来帮助那些中风引起部分脑损害的病人。
    
• 时间
  
  • 16+28
    

• 
  

旧金山的赤潮现象受到海洋温度降低影响。

• 文章大意
  
  • 科学家发现海洋温度下降导致了旧金山湾浮游植物大量繁殖和赤潮的增加。
    
  • 这很令人惊讶，因为人们通常将赤潮与富养污染物增加相连。
    
  • 科学家使用水质和生物数据，发现在旧金山湾和沿海水域，较低的温度改变了海洋生物的种类、数量和迁移模式。
    
• 生词
  
  • phytoplankton：photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton; mainly unicellular algae
    
  • abundance：大量;丰富;充足 An abundance of something is a large quantity of it.
    
  • nutrient ：营养物质;养分;滋养物 Nutrients are substances that help plants and animals to grow.
    
  • estuaries ：名词河口;江口 An estuary is the wide part of a river where it joins the sea.
    
• 时间
  
  • 4+11
    

Groundtruth

第六天 打卡

佑小珈

day6