【揽瓜阁4.0】zora_gong打卡贴

zora_gong

阅读小分队打卡贴之Zora报道~

zora_gong

揽瓜阁4.0 Day1 2021.01.18
精读笔记整理 【社会科学-企业】Pinduoduo faces growing PR crisisover employee death.
阅读时间： 3′49″                    总结时间：    8′16″                         总时间：12′5″

中心大意：
拼多多正在面临一场巨大的公关危机， 并迎来了对其劳工情况的调查，在其一名员工深夜猝死。

段落大意/分论点：
Trigger事件（年轻女性员工深夜猝死）——>中国tech company的brutalwork culture介绍及引起过的讨论——>拼多多的具体996情况及业绩讨论——>拼多多对事件的评价（官媒误发声、否认、打脸）——>事件发酵，本地政府介入调查——>拼多多至今尚未对furtherquestions做任何立即回应

句子摘录：
The long hours often expected of employees are known as “996” — meaning they start work at 9am, leave at 9pm and work sixdays a week.
The sector’s exhausting working weeks have come under firein the past, with an“anti-996” campaign gaining steam in 2019 among tech workers and activists.

生词摘录：
Reviveconcerns over – restore to life or consciousness (bring back); give newstrength or energy to (refresh/energize)
Come under fire– being rigorously criticized
Gain steam– become more popular or widespread (go viral)
Gruelling schedules- /grueling – extremely tiring and demanding (exhausting)
Backtrack –vt./vi. retrace one’s steps 倒带
Downplay
Errant post– erring or straying from the accepted course or standards (misbehaving)


精读笔记整理 【社会科学-经济】Economics Scene; Good news for thedown and out, or are the data misleading?
阅读时间： 9’26’’                    总结时间： 38’25’’                            总时间：47’41’’

中心大意：
关于income inequality的种种声音，文章先阐述了Cox-Alm的观点，然后又用Gottschalk的观点进行了反驳，最后抛出了一个问题并用Bunchinsky-Hunt的研究数据进行了代表主流观点的回答。最后的最后，引用了Ooms的观点说，比起溯源不如看要怎么解决losers的问题。

段落大意/分论点：
Cox-Alm观点：不用对incomeinequality讨论过多，因为只有5%的人会在底层停滞不前，其他人都可以上升，上升的人认为关注opportunity比equality更重要
反驳-Gottschalk观点：Cox-Alm首先就做了一个错误的立论，更不要说还给了一个misleading的回答。（同时有一段roughly补充理由，讲standard measures都是在某个时间点，那么这个时间点的贫富差距当然引起很多不满。不过liberals& conservatives都同意mobility也很重要。很多研究表明lifetime income就比anysingle year要equal多了）
为了铺垫G的后续反驳，重新返回介绍C-A的研究：研究方法是track了一群人16岁和16年后的经济状况，得出了一个不震惊的结论 —— 人们会随着mobility经济阶级升高
G对C-A进行细节化的反驳：C-A用了unconventionalmeans，得出了不对的结论
1.     16年前他们选取的样本有很多都可能是打零工的，16年后当然会变好
2.     这个研究也没有排除掉work experience累积对收入的影响，不是控制变量
借由Ooms，抛出一个设问引起大家思考：mobility一定程度上左右了inequality，但是程度未知
引出第三方学者（B-H）的研究来回答这个问题：主流认为平均家庭的收入inequality是在变好的，但是经济阶级的mobility却并没有在变好（暗示二者不一定有明确的相关性）
最后又借由Ooms来conclude：过分纠结于what’shappened还不如多多关注怎么去解决当下losers的问题。

句子摘录：
But not to worry,says W. Michael Cox and Richard Alm, researchers at the Federal Reserve Bank ofDallas: Most Americans strugglingto make ends meet are on the fast track to affluence.
But a close lookat the new research is not confidence-building. Indeed, even a casual look suggests that something -- actually, manythings -- are amiss.
Sixteen years later their average incomes had risen a fantastic 23-fold, to $26,475.
To Mr. Gottschalk, this suggests that virtually all theformer high school and college students in the sample had full-time jobs in1991, as did most of themothers whose children had grown up.

生词摘录：
Fuss – n.a display of unnecessary of excessive excitement, activity, or interest; v.show unnecessary or excessive concern about something (~ about)
Make ends meet  - earn just enough money to live on
On the fast trackto + n. – on an accelerated path to success or achievement
Affluence –the state of having a great deal of money (wealth)
In the bottom/topfifth – 好像是income distribution基本都会以20%为一段来进行分布，应该等同于 top quintile - any of five equal groups into which apopulation can be divided according to the distribution of values of aparticular variable
Touch/grab the brassring – brass 黄铜；brass ring (slang): 比喻一个你正在竭力为之拼搏的或通过努力已经实现了的目标或奖项/还比喻能让你实现目标或夺奖的机遇（起源于一个游戏）
Movers and shakers– a powerful person who initiates events and influences people
Alleged plight of the young and immobile– alleged: said, without proof, to have taken place or to have aspecified illegal or undesirable quality (so-called); plight: adangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation (trouble/difficulty)
Confidence-building
Amiss – adj.not quite right; inappropriate or out of place (wrong/faulty); adv. Wrongly orinappropriately
Amount tosnapshots – turn out to be (amount to anything)
Impediment– obstacle; a defect in a person’s speech, such as a lisp or stammer (speech ~)
Prorated –allocate, distribute, or assess pro rata 按比例分配
He allowed– admit the truth of; concede (admit/acknowledge)
Mingle xx with xx – mix xx with xx

zora_gong

揽瓜阁4.0Day 2 2021.01.19
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1375887-1-1.html

精读笔记整理 【人文科学-艺术】Shades of black: For centuries, thecolour black has tested artists’ ingenuity
阅读时间：   13’49’’                  总结时间： 1h11’18’’                            总时间：1h25’07’’

中心大意：
阐述黑色在艺术史上的使用历程，不同阶段被怎么运用，引领或代表了什么艺术风潮，又如何层层递进的。

段落大意/分论点：
铺垫：莫奈下葬黑棺被要求替换成莫奈颜色风格棺木——>不同的颜色对不同背景的人们意味着什么
递进：聚焦黑色，及黑色对于physicists和artists分别意味什么（有2小段举例说明）
溯源及一些重要历史节点Nocolours any more：最早期black是如何被欧洲艺术家使用（有几个举例），黑色成为了一种特殊风潮——> Orpheus的举例 ——>但中间，monet和相似的艺术家的出现又打破了大家对黑色的热潮，完全弃用——>不过Manet又将黑色慢慢引入回来创造一种黑vslight的对比来体现power
近代复兴Untilmy darkness goes : 黑色是如何复兴的，又被进一步艺术创新的：20世纪毕加索 复兴——>Russian artist KM升华黑色的感官含义：“suprematism”，他的blacksquare给了人们以影响——>现代2015，MrKapoor又进一步研究出了一种blackestbalck ever颜色“Vantablack”，甚至使被描绘物体超脱了形态等，完全推翻了文艺复兴时期艺术家对portrayobjects的三个维度定义

句子摘录：
It was only whenblack pigments—made from coal, lampblack or even burned ivory—were successfullymixed with gum arabic or linseed oil thatit became possible to create the black gloss that many European artistscame to love.
Black skin has its own, entwinedbut distinct, artistic history, with vexedconnotations of power, prejudice and eroticism.
Caravaggio revolutionised Baroque painting with his studiesof darkness; yet it was the Spaniards of a generation later, when black was thecolour of high fashion, who made black painting all their own, starting withthe power portraits of Diego Velázquez and the brooding figures that haunt thetall works of Francisco de Zurbarán.

生词摘录：
Ingenuity –创造力 (creativity)
Black-drapedcoffin – arrange (cloth or clothing) loosely or casually on or round something 披上
Exclaim –cry out suddenly in surprise, strong emotion, or pain 喊叫 (cry out/come out with)
Cretonnefabric – a heavy cotton fabric, typically with a floral pattern printed on oneor both sides
Pall – n.a cloth spread over a coffin, hearse, or tomb (funeral cloth)
Palette
Water lilies–植物：睡莲；就是莫奈很有名的那个花系列
Forget-me-nots– 植物：勿忘我
Participate in the haj– n. / hajj  穆斯林麦加朝圣
Devotion
Adultery –n. /plural: adulteries  voluntary sexualintercourse between a married person and a person who is not their spouse
Witchcraft– the practice of magic, especially black magic
Prisms – 角柱体 联想：triangle prism 三棱镜 / rainbow prism 三棱镜光的折射
High-jumpof color – 跳高
Entwine – vi.Wind or twist together; interweave 纠缠 (they layentwined in each other's arms)
Vexed connotations of power, prejudiceand eroticism
– vexed: (of aproblem or issue) difficult and much debated; problematic (the vexed questionof how much money the government is going to spend); annoyed, frustrated orworried (I’m very vexed with you!)
-connotations: anidea or feeling which a word invokes for a person in addition to its literal orprimary meaning (implication) 意味
-eroticism: thequality or character of being erotic; sexual desire or excitement
Plumb thesedepths of sth. – v. explore or experience fully or to extremes (explore)
Co-opt arevolutionary black material – choose
Concoction– a mixture of various ingredients or elements (mixture)
Tumours
Conjure up– to create or achieve something difficult or unexpected, as if by magic 变戏法
-       Conjure sb to – implore (someone) to do something(beg..)
Crudeanimals – adj. in a natural or raw state; not yet processed or refined /n. naturalmineral oil
Confected –to put together from varied material (a trifle confected from angelica andpiped cream)
Fabric dyes
Burned ivory– 颜色 ivory: 象牙、象牙白
Black gloss- A gloss is a bright shine on the surface of something; or an explanationabout a word or a phrase (联想：lip gloss)
Broodingfigures – when you are brooding, you might be depressed about something youjust can’t stop thinking about. 忧郁多思
Haunt thetall works – 反复烦扰，使经常苦恼；（鬼魂）经常出没，常去的地方
Descend into– enter a bad state (worsen); descend – fall downward
Like-mindedspirits – having similar tastes or opinions 志同道合
Banish – send(someone) away from a country or place as an official punishment; get rid of(something unwanted) (all thoughts of romance were banished from her head;dispel)
Profound
– (of a state, quality, or emotion) very great or intense (~feelings of disquiet; intense/extreme)
- (of a disease of disability) very severe (~ liver failure;severe)
- (of a person or statement) having or showing greatknowledge or insight (a ~ philosopher; wise)
- (of a subject or idea) demanding deep study or thought
Unveiledagainst the backdrop of xx –(reveal); n. a painted cloth hung at the back of a theatre stage as part of thescenery / v.
Nanotubearray – 纳米管
Convex 凸的 or concave 凹的
In the questfor the meaning of black – a long search for something that is difficult tofind寻求


精读笔记整理 【人文科学-女权】Women and Property across ColonialAmerica: A Comparison of Legal Systems in New Mexico and New York
阅读时间： 3’33’’                    总结时间：   8’12’’                          总时间：11’45’

中心大意：
阐述不同法律对殖民时期美国的Women and Property的影响，以NewYork和NewMexico的女人权力进行对比阐述CivilLaw和CommonLaw赋予女性的不同权力
段落大意/分论点：
P1 – 法律对女性权力的影响很大，可以在不同的地区体现不同的影响
P2 – 和人们原本认知不同，civil law（西班牙例子）其实比commonlaw（英国例子）更能给予和保护女性权益
P3 & P4 – 举例说明女性在civil law（New Mexico）比在commonlaw（纽约）下获得权益更好
句子摘录：

生词摘录：
Patriarchal– adj. relating to denoting a system of society or gov controlled by men / n.Patriarchy
Scornfully– something done without respect, or something done showing displeasure 轻蔑地
Anglo-American
Exert authorityover wives – apply or bring to bear (a force, influence, or quality) 发挥，施加 （the moon exerts a force on the Earth）
See fit to do- If you see fit to do something, you think it is good or necessary to do it:She saw fit to pull her son out of the school.

zora_gong

揽瓜阁4.0Day 2 2021.01.20

精读笔记整理 【自然科学-科技】What quantum computers reveal aboutinnovation: Venture capital is often the last guest to arrive at the party
阅读时间：   7’52’’                  总结时间：     31’40’’                        总时间：39’32’’

中心大意：
围绕着quantum computing，讨论了人们对它的商业价值慢热的态度，以及技术能给我们带来的好处。

段落大意/分论点：
背景：quantum computing有40年历史了，但直到最近人们才开始认识到他的商业价值。愿景基金开始入场，并预测就算是现在limited版本的也可以有一定的商业价值。
正面-举例两个优势/价值：
1)    Quantum computers远比普通机器的在运行某些mathematics的更快，会对很多研究有极大的翻天覆地的促进（举例：化学）
2)    Quantum computing 是一个活生生的复杂技术在工业社会中发展的例子，从每个process中都能得到重要的经验教训。硅谷只关注创业，资本和ipos，但这都是技术发展后期的事情，当技术的前景不明时，风险就非常大，大家的concern也多。
a)     国家可能会承担一些风险，因为开发这个技术首先要对大学研究进行投资。与此同时，companies里面的earlystage investors可以通过公司的早期研究来趁早决定何时投入、何时撤退。政府其实也应该要做到如此。
b)    其他的教训之一是quantum computing这个技术是来自无数数学家、实验物理学家和工程师的努力的，它就是对高唱“个人英雄主义（greatman）”的一个警醒。
总结：后期的研究者对技术的商业价值挖掘也很重要，但是不应该只看到成果带来的额利益，也要重视前期的无数付出（成功的基石）。

句子摘录：
It is hard to choose onemoment as marking the birth of a technology. But by one common reckoning,quantum computing will be 40 next year.
But these are things that happen late in a technology’sdevelopment, when swift commercialreturns are, if not certain, then at least plausible.
生词摘录：
Foolhardy – 蛮干的
Error-prone – 容易出错的；prone – 易于 （farmed fish are ~ to desease）
State-of-the-art – 最先进的  /n.不要符号 （~ in 3D printing）
Vistas – 远景
Tangle – 纠缠，纠纷，困惑
Frenzy  - n. 狂妄；v.发狂 （a ~ of rage）
Call it quits
Proximity to n. – 接近 （donot operate microphones in close ~ to television sets）
Exemplified bythe cult of Steve Jobs – be a typical example of 例证


精读笔记整理 【自然科学-气候】Mini ice age
阅读时间：  3’08’’                   总结时间：    27’49’’                         总时间：30’57’’

中心大意：
全球变暖可能会带来下一个mini-ice age，并阐述了为什么这个paradox会出现的各个步骤。

段落大意/分论点：
铺垫/背景：全球在变暖，Joyce说变暖会带来下一个mini-ice age。
原因：30年来北冰洋淡水激增涌进海水相关。普遍认为淡水是冰川融化。淡水趋势会引起alittle ice age，通过颠覆Gulf Stream的北部渗透。
原来的生态系统是：Gulf Stream的流动会把热气在上流到北部时散到空气中，然后北冰洋的风会把热度带去欧洲（或有人认为也影响美洲部分地区）使得被影响地区的温度在同纬度偏高。热度都传输到空气中后，冷却下来的水会变厚并下沉向北冰洋流去，aprocess called thermohaline circulation。
现在由于淡水：被Gulf Stream带来的水流无法变厚下沉，就又加厚了新的淡水层，进而又使GulfStream变慢或转向南行。
最终：这整一套生态很快就会达到临界，并shut down，由此我们会进入一个新的状态。任何一个小的自然变化都可能造成一个很大的反应。

句子摘录：
Having given up its heat to the air, the now-cooler waterbecomes denser and sinks into the North Atlantic by a mile or more in a processoceanographers call thermohaline circulation.
This massive column of cascading cold is the main enginepowering a deepwater current called the Great Ocean Conveyor that snakesthrough all the world's oceans.

生词摘录：
Culprit 罪魁祸首
Torrents 激流
Sound and alarm– to tell people about something dangerous that is happening
In salinity –盐度
Subvert – 颠覆，推翻
Dense – 稠密
Sink – v. 下沉
Waft – pass or cause to pass gently through the air (thesmell of stale fat ~ out from the care)
Prevailing – prove more powerful or superior; be widespreador current in a particular area or at a particular time; persuade (someone) todo something
Precipitation – 沉淀；降水；凝结
Water current - 水流
Veer – 转向