揽瓜阁4.0+艾比要考720

艾比要考720

揽瓜阁4.0+艾比要考720 打卡帖

艾比要考720

Day 4 第一篇
Surrogacy – wish fulfilment or exploitation?

文章的中心大意：通过举例说明代孕产生的各种风险和潜在的人权问题，明确反对代孕以及呼吁公众多听取代孕母亲本人的意见-代孕是如何对生活产生负面影响的。

总结框架：
首先指出代孕是分两极分化的问题，
其次对代孕引发的人权问题以及经济失衡进行研究
举例说明代孕的心理和生理风险以及代孕母亲的尊严和身体自主权
最后提出应该多听取代孕母亲内心的真实想法-代孕是如何影响她们的生活的。

优美句子摘抄：
it is not difficult to imagine a scenario where the mother may find it difficult to make choices which prioritise her own health and wellbeing if the intended parents are in the room with her, even if they do not actively put pressure on her to prioritise the welfare of the foetus.

阅读时间：6分钟；总结时间：15分钟

生词摘录：
surrogates 代孕
polarising issue 两极分化的问题
altruistic 利他的


第二篇
Hispanic Law Water Right

阅读时间：5分钟；总结时间：15分钟

文章虽短，但是我最不喜欢的法律权利问题。

总结框架：第一二段介绍背景，第三段的重点就是：Based on this historical evidence, many scholars of western water law in the American period have criticized nineteenth- and twentieth-century state courts for distorting Hispanic traditions. However, the legal historians who have attempted to explain this distortion have attributed it to a judicial "loss of Hispanic learning" or to parties failing to present documents on Spanish and Mexican water law to the courts.
但是却没有一个学者真正研究过这段背景，暗示学者的话不可信，歪曲了事实。

优美句子：
However, the legal historians who have attempted to explain this distortion have attributed it to a judicial "loss of Hispanic learning" or to parties failing to present documents on Spanish and Mexican water law to the courts.

生词摘录：
unornamented 没有装饰
stare decisis 遵循先例
municipalities 直辖市

艾比要考720

Day 5
第一篇 The pandemic has changed China’s nightclubs：It has given local DJs a chance to shine

文章的中心大意：分析疫情给电子音乐文化带来的影响（积极和消极都有）。

总结框架：
首先引入情景：进入夜店需要出示安全码，夜店内部无口罩无社交距离
其次：The pandemic posed an enormous threat to China’s fragile club scene. 关闭夜店但收支平衡。
继续阐明疫情的影响：
Nightspots have long felt it necessary to fly in fashionable foreign djs to help them draw crowds.
A second effect of the pandemic has been to help speed up the spread of China’s club culture beyond its traditional bases in Beijing, Shanghai and the south-western city of Chengdu.
最后指出音乐制作人的担忧：大部分人都不了解电子音乐文化

优美句子摘抄：
Not everyone is happy. Ezzz, a Chinese dj and music producer, grumbles that many of the djs who have gained new followings during the pandemic are proficient performers but do not “understand electronic music culture”.

阅读时间：2.5 分钟；总结时间：10分钟

生词摘录：
wrought 引起

第二篇 Review: Jim Crow's Offense
哦天，又是法律权力！

文章的中心大意：get 不到，个人感觉是在讲种族隔离，黑人密西西比人在“他们为实现自治和充分公民身份的斗争”中所采取的策略发生了什么变化之类的

总结框架：
首先引出McMillen的观点：the social relations of slavery gave way to an"informal code of exclusion and discrimination" (p. 5), which in turn evolved into legally mandated separation and disfranchisement. 从而得出结论：Indeed the very"confidence of the dominant race" (p. 9) in the universal recognition of the imperatives of place made legislation unnecessary for two decades.

第二段结论句应该就是第一句：Ironically, it was the perception of a threat to rigidity that  provoked the construction of a legal edifice to enforce an already familiar definition of place.

第三段结论句：More emblematic of a third stage, I suspect, are the Great Migration itself―the refusal of thousands  of black Mississippians to accept the places available in the Jim Crow South―and the"surprising number" who joined Mississippi chapters of the UniversalNegro Improvement Association.

优美句子摘抄：
If the continuity of white supremacy provides the context of the dark journey through the age of Jim Crow, the shifting responses to oppression define the stages of that journey.

阅读时间：5分钟；总结时间：15分钟

生词摘录：
rigidity 僵化
supremacy 至上
oppression 压迫
pragmatic 务实
overlapping 重叠

艾比要考720

Day 6 第一篇
What really killed the dinosaurs?Lingering doubts about the cause of a mass extinction are put to rest

文章的中心大意：现象解释型，探究恐龙灭绝的真正原因

总结框架：
首先阐明恐龙灭觉的一个解释
其次提出了另一个解释：Toxic and climate-changing gases from these eruptions, they suggest, were the underlying cause of the mass extinction that did for the dinosaurs
Pincelli Hull of Yale University继续探究背后的原因：The team conclude, the impact that caused the extinction, not the volcanoes.
通过解释教授是收集数据的过程，最后得出结论：It therefore seems unlikely that the Deccan Traps were responsible for the extinction. Rather, it was the asteroid wot done it.

优美句子摘抄：
Toxic and climate-changing gases from these eruptions, they suggest, were the underlying cause of the mass extinction that did for the dinosaurs—a point of view backed up by the fact that two earlier mass extinctions, those at the ends of the Permian and Triassic periods, coincided with similar eruptions while showing no sign of an asteroid strike.

阅读时间：2.5 分钟；总结时间：10分钟

生词摘录
prehistoric 史前
swept 扫
asteroid 小行星

第二篇
The search for dark matter in the recent majestic universe

文章的中心大意：问题解决型，探究暗物质是由什么种类的粒子构成的

总结框架：
首先由“暗物质是由什么种类的粒子构成”这个问题引入，排除了一些答案：It cannot be protons, neutrons, or anything that was once made of protons or neutrons, such as massive stars that became black holes.
其次提出：Nor can more than a small fraction of the dark matter be neutrinos, a lightweight breed of particle that zips through space and is unattached to any atom.
然后出现了一个新的概念：“cold” dark matter，并且说明：extensions of the Standard Model—developed for reasons quite separate from the needs of astronomy—offer many plausible candidates.
紧接着又是supersymmetry theory。。。最后提出了！The hypothesized mass, stability and neutrality of the neutralino satisfy all the requirements of cold dark matter.

优美句子摘抄：
Supersymmetry is an attractive explanation for dark matter because it postulates a whole new family of particles—one “superpartner” for every known elementary particle.

阅读时间：5分钟；总结时间：15分钟

生词摘录：
protons 质子
neutrons 中子
supersymmetry 超对称性

艾比要考720

Day 7
第一篇：
The rising prevalence of dementia is a global emergency：It requires more research, better provision for long-term care and changes in individual behaviour

文章的中心大意：就是题目呀（哈哈哈哈哈）：The rising prevalence of dementia is a global emergency：It requires more research, better provision for long-term care and changes in individual behaviour

总结框架：
首先阐明dementia is already a global emergency 并且 No cure is in the offing
其次说明痴呆症在全世界范围内的统计，并且提了个坏消息：But the risk of dementia still seems to be rising in much of the world and any new therapy in the foreseeable future is likely to benefit only some patients partially.
所以！政府应立即采取行动，减轻痴呆症患病率的上升对社会和经济的伤害。政府还需要考虑对痴呆症患者的长期护理。
最后说明：It requires more research, better provision for long-term care and changes in individual behaviour

优美句子摘抄：
The problems these numbers will bring everywhere have already been felt in countries where people are older, and especially acutely during lockdowns—witness the difficulty of looking after people with dementia in their own homes, and the large numbers in overstretched care homes who receive little individual attention.

阅读时间：3 分钟；总结时间：10分钟

生词摘录
prevalence 患病率
dementia 痴呆症
dignity 尊严

第二篇：Did Tough Antitrust Enforcement Cause the Diversification of American Corporations?
文章的中心大意：Tough Antitrust Enforcement DID NOT Cause the Diversification of American Corporations.

总结框架：
开篇就提出问题What caused the rise and decline of corporate diversification during the last four decades?且这是一个还未解决的问题
其次提出解释之一“antitrust hypothesis.” 并以一大推历史和法案加以佐证
而本文的目的就是-The purpose of this paper is to make an empirical assessment of the antitrust hypothesis.
Through examining statistic evidence & the patterns of different countries, the author concluded that antitrust played no role whatsoever—surely it was a factor in some decisions—but the evidence suggests that the primary cause of corporate diversification lies elsewhere.
最后举例说明反对的原因

优美句子摘抄：
Even though a number of plausible explanations have been advanced, there is little more than anecdotal support for or against any of them.

阅读时间：3 分钟；总结时间：10分钟

生词摘录
venerable 古老
enduring 持久
anecdotal 轶事