【揽瓜阁4.0】+Honghongggg 打卡帖

Honghongggg

【揽瓜阁4.0】+Honghongggg 打卡帖

Honghongggg

18/01/2021

【passage 1】

精读笔记：

1. Main idea:

Chinese’s leading tech companies Pinduoduo is facing a growing public relations crisis and an investigation into its working conditions after one of its employees died after collapsing on her way home from work.

Pinduoduo: growing public relations crisis+investigation>> because of a death of its employee>>revived the discussion and the boycott from netizens

2. Structure development:

•         Pinduoduo: growing public relations crisis+investigation>> because of a death of its employee>>revived the discussion and the faced the boycott from netizens

•         Brief 996 working system>>there was one protest before but failed>>work more means earn more than peers

•         A post on Zhihu on the name of Pinduoduo’s official account went viral which revealed the marble hearted and bureaucratic side of Pinduoduo >> Pinduoduo had to find a fell guy>>turned out to be staged by itself

3. Words and expressions:

revive concerns over sth. 掀起对某事的关注/讨论

gruelling adj.紧张的

go viral 像病毒式传播

downplay vt. 轻描淡写

netizen n. 网民

4. Time: 3 mins – 8 mins

【passage 2】

1. Main idea:

Two researchers claimed that they Most Americans struggling to make ends meet are on the fast track to affluence/becoming rich.

However, this finding isn’t grounded. Several scholars revealed the flaws of Dall’s finding.

2. Structure development:

•         Two researchers claimed that Most poor Americans are becoming rich. >> 16 years later, 29% of a sample of Americans in the bottom fifth had managed to seize the opportunity, ending up in the top fifth.

•         Transition: this theory isn’t well built.

•         Several experts rejected this theory:

-    Peter Gottschalk/PG: 1) C-A’s study had its focus on individual incomes, and in reality, family incomes are way more important; 2) most of their subjects were part-time workers. 3) C-A’s work mingled the impact of mobility >> These three reasons helped to explain why the wages had a fantastic rise.

-    Van Doorn Ooms/VDO: to what extent the mobility will have impact on the inequality is still unknown./ proposed to find ways to help poors.

-    Moshe Buchinsky and Jennifer Hunt/MB+JH: rate of economic mobility -- the probability of moving from one-fifth of the income distribution to another in any given year -- had actually fallen since 1980.

3. Time: 7 mins 30s – 25 mins

Honghongggg

19/01/2021

【passage 1】

1. Main idea:

The evolution of artistic interpretations of color black/How artists interpreter color black in different times?

2. Structure development:

Introduction: Monet’s funeral>>The change of the main tone of the funeral-black

•    Different colors have different meanings, but historically black is associated with mysterious things (witchcraft, the underworld, night-time and the far side of the Moon)

•         Artists think black represents an intellectual and technical challenge; a test of their skill, ingenuity and imagination.

•         It was difficult to get purely black pigment.

•         Artificial black pigment was popular in Europe; artists considered it as the color of Art and the Invention

•         Romantics appreciated color black, while most of the impressionists prefer light colors, except Manet.

•         Black vs suprematism

•         Malevich’s “Black Square” marked a turning-point in modern art.

•         During the Renaissance, artists saw that paint could be used to portray objects in three dimensions.

3. Words and expressions:

Entwined vt. 缠绕、盘绕

ramblings n. 漫无边际的讲话

enliven vt. 使生动

4. Time: 9 mins – 28 mins

【passage 2】

1. Main idea:

The specific legal and cultural rules that set the boundaries in which women were supposed to live varied among different regions. Contrast: common law system (as in England) vs civil law system (such as that of Spain).

2. Structure development:

•         Main point: civil law systems were far more protective of women’s property than the common law system was.

•         Maybe that is a confusing argument on its face (Example: Spanish men: male chauvinism vs England: individualism) but in reality, civil law systems protect better women’s property rights.

•         What women could have under the civil law system: woman’s proper property+half of the community property.

3. Words and expressions:

Scornfully adv. 轻蔑地

exert authority over wives

4. Time: 3 mins – 11 mins

Honghongggg

20/01/2020

阅读打卡滴滴滴

Honghongggg

21/01/2021


【passage 2】

【文章分析】

1. Main idea:

对美国水权法案起源的探讨>> based on Hispanic water law, however 由于当时的学者没有深入了解西班牙水权，所以制定的法律法规实际上是misunderstood and distorted 原法案

2. Structure development:

•         由一座反映西班牙风格的华丽建筑引出Hispanic water law

•         提出虽然美国的water rights 是基于Hispanic water law，但却完全背离了西班牙的传统

•         进一步说明Hispanic water law vs common law 的不同之处：

-    Hispanic water law：人人平等、共同使用，尤其在缺水时期

-    Common law：riparian and prior appropriation rights emphasizing individual property interests

•         分析为什么based on Hispanic water law的水权法案有完全不一样的侧重点：

-    "loss of Hispanic learning" or to parties failing to present documents on Spanish and Mexican water law to the courts.

3. Words and expressions:

Ostensibly adv. 表面上地

Riparian adj. 河滨的

Grant vt. 准允

4. Time: 4 mins – 12 mins

【passage 1】

【文章分析】

1. Main idea:

对于代孕的两极化态度：有人支持（gay couples 喜迎双胞胎的example）有人反对，深入解释说明了反对的理由

2. Structure development:

•         主观点奠定全文基调：regarding to surrogacy，态度是polarising

•         支持的：gay couple的例子+现在正在讨论的bill，由此引出对于surrogacy的一系列concerns（见文中标蓝提示）

-    Inequalities between 代孕妈妈和准父母（后者通常更富有、社会地位更高）

-    怀孕生产的风险（包括general risks 以及severe situations）

-    生产后面临的产后抑郁等情绪问题、恢复期间不自在等

-    相关人权问题

•         总结全文：As well as hearing moving stories from intended parents about how surrogacy enabled them to overcome biological or social infertility to realize their dreams of becoming parents, we also need to hear from a range of surrogate mothers.

3. Time: 6 mins – 15 mins

Honghongggg

滴滴滴，补day5+今日打卡
（ps：文件可用导航视图一键查看day5day6，幸苦检查的志愿者！

Honghongggg

24/01/2021


【passage 1】

【文章分析】

1. Main idea:

探讨痴呆的成因、带来的问题、如何解决

2. Structure development:

•         提出一个矛盾的观点——dementia在重大疾病中看起来是最“人畜无害”的，因1）其随着年龄的增长才会显现，也2）不致死（patients往往活很久），但其实已经是global emergency，因1）没有切实可行的治疗方法；2）政府也没有提出可持续的照顾这类病人的措施，也没有提供资金

•         介绍dementia是什么：1）发病特点是认知下降，随着年龄的增长逐渐丧失照顾自我的能力；2）老年人是“患病重灾区”；3）现在发展中国家因为老龄化逐渐严重，所以出现dementia的cases

•         Dementia带来的问题：1）单子家庭很难照顾老人；2）养老院得不到关注；3）对public health产生连锁反应：疫情期间dementia老人无处可去

•         但也有一些好消息：1）少抽烟多运动可以降低risks；2）针对dementia的药正在审核，however, the risk of dementia still seems to be rising in much of the world and any new therapy in the foreseeable future is likely to benefit only some patients partially.

•         由此引出政府应该做什么：

-    兑现拨款给相关research的诺言

-    考虑long-term care，此处又涉及到两个问题：how to pay（要考虑重压是否会落在年轻人、taxpayers身上）以及who will do it（这种工作一般很累、需要大量的patience而且给的钱又少；未来可行的是引入机器人做simple tasks或者移民）

-    补充关于运动的信息

3. Words and expressions:

The problems these numbers will bring everywhere have already been felt in countries where people are older, and especially acutely during lockdowns—witness the difficulty of looking after people with dementia in their own homes, and the large numbers in overstretched care homes who receive little individual attention. As families shrink, single children and grandchildren will struggle to cope with their old folk.

（观点+并列举例）

4. Time: 7 mins – 30 mins

【passage 2】

【文章分析】

1. Main idea:

Old view：antitrust law是促进公司多样化的原因

New view：实际上二者之间没有必然联系

2. Structure development:

•         开门见山提出观点：What caused the rise and decline of corporate diversification during the last four decades?

•         提出最普遍的观点是antitrust law 的影响：因为antitrust law组织同行业的公司之间进行并购

•         提出反对的观点：antitrust law不同的国家和地区，公司多样化是common scene

-    英国的例子：competition policy was governed by the 1956 Restrictive Trade Practices Act, intended to discourage cartels. 战后英国merger很常见

-    加拿大的例子：“virtual monopoly”

3. Words and expressions:

This corroborates the negative view of the antitrust hypothesis that emerges from the American data. It seems too much to conclude that antitrust played no role whatsoever—surely it was a factor in some decisions—but the evidence suggests that the primary cause of corporate diversification lies elsewhere.

But it has its share of skeptics, including Scherer (1980) and Comment and Jarrell (1995), who note that diversification appears to be common in countries with significantly different antitrust policies than the United States.

4. Time: 8 mins 24s – 36 mins

Honghongggg

25/01/2020

【passage 1】

1. Main idea:

Netflix以英国王室为蓝本的电视剧引起争议，保守党派纷纷抨击，认为一派胡言、诋毁皇室形象

2. Structure development:

•         政府指出Netflix的电视剧《王冠》都是虚构

•         引出作者观点：All drama that involves real people is, to some extent, fiction

•         保守党派和支持王室的人对《王冠》的态度：outraged；untrue, unfair and will harm the monarchy.

•         引出另一观点：Yet the monarchy, too, is a purveyor of fiction，即王室自己放出来的素材本身的authenticity就值得怀疑

•         结论：政府应该focus more on real issues

3. Words and expressions:

Redeeming adj. 补偿的

Snub vt. 冷落

Smear vt. 弄脏

Ricocheting vi. 跳飞

Wedded to 渴望……

Veracity n. 真实

Famous people are often portrayed in ways they do not like, but that is one of the costs of free speech.

Perhaps in future Mr. Johnson will pay closer attention to the truth than he did when heading a campaign to leave the European Union which claimed that Brexit would save the country £350m a week, or when he said over a year ago that a trade deal was “oven-ready”. Those lies could lead to a geopolitical divorce far messier than the Windsor’s’.

4. Time: 5 mins 40s – 20 mins

【passage 2】

1. Main idea:

探讨Anna Olmsted在美国陶瓷界名气起起伏伏的原因

2. Structure development:

开篇奠定基调：AO在美国陶瓷界名气起起伏伏，高峰期是在1950s左右。但她在陶瓷界的名气毋庸置疑，举世无双/none in the world

探讨1989年陶瓷展AO名气下降的原因：1）mainstream是named subject、creative的作品；2）AO并不以ceramicist形象示人，而是作为策展人；3）AO并不会自我推销，都找不到什么照片证明她参加过，且这些展览在1972年就被取消了，creative centre of US ceramics搬去了California

总结：Retrospectively, it can be seen that Olmsted’s fluctuating reputation went hand in hand with changing priorities in American ceramics. 个人的成功与否与社会大环境实际上是息息相关的。

3. Words and expressions:

waxed and waned 有盈有亏

epitomized vt. 概括、成为某事的缩影

Retrospectively, it can be seen that Olmsted’s fluctuating reputation went hand in hand with changing priorities in American ceramics.

4. Time: 5 mins – 30 mins

Honghongggg

26/01/2021


【passage 1】

1. Main idea:

介绍为什么要用卫星监测工业甲烷的泄漏、如何利用

2. Structure development:

•         引入Turkmenistan甲烷泄漏一事说明：1）工业甲烷泄漏情况要严重得多；2）卫星可以帮组监测

•         甲烷是导致温室效应的罪魁祸首

•         Turkmenistan甲烷泄漏的严重后果：摆数字说明

•         全球各地甲烷泄漏并不少：There have been other big leaks, too.

•         提出可以用卫星监控甲烷泄漏：装光谱仪

•         介绍claire卫星监测系统

•         未来还会有其它卫星监测：Other methane-hunting satellites are coming.

•         总结全文，再次强调卫星监测甲烷泄漏的必要性：Having a number of complementary eyes-in-the sky will be an important way to help reduce methane emissions.

3. Words and expressions:

Linger vi. 逗留、徘徊

Reckon vt. 猜想

Potent adj. 有效的

This largely unknown incident illustrates two things: that satellites can play an important role in spotting leaks of greenhouse gases and, rather worryingly, that the extent of such leaks is often greatly underestimated.

4. Time: 6mins45s – 22 mins

【passage 2】

1. Main idea:

介绍文物年代测定方法：喜新—accelerator dating、厌旧—radiocarbon dating

2. Structure development:

•         Main view：传统的radiocarbon dating测定方法有缺陷，2万年后到精确度下降，新测定方法accelerator dating可以解决这个问题

•         radiocarbon dating的问题：sample sizes；background radiation

•         accelerator dating的优势：minor improvements即可获得精确的结果

•         accelerator dating成功应用的两个例子：first human migrations to the New World、Neanderthal man

3. Words and expressions:

Threshold n. 门槛

Authoritative adj. 准确可信的

Unduly adv. 过度地

Neither sample size nor background radiation present problems to radiocarbon accelerator dating, and so relatively minor improvements in sample chemistry can lead to sharper and more extensive chronologies.

4. Time: 5 mins – 20 mins

Honghongggg

27/01/2021

【passage 1】

1. Main idea:

外貌对impression的影响

2. Structure development:

Main view：how people respond to visual status signals.

观点1: higher social position的人更易得到尊重

观点2: Humans tend to respect men with particular physical characteristics.

观点3: Physical characteristics also affect recruitment at lower levels.

观点4:女性在“以貌取人”的社会更是举步维艰

观点5:公司看人下菜，bad situation反而会选性格强势的

观点6:“光环效应”— If a person (or company) is rated highly in terms of one characteristic, it gets good marks across the board.

总结：建议用ai选人，客观又不是颜控

3. Words and expressions:

That suggests a lot can be achieved by using artificial intelligence in hiring and promotion decisions, providing the programming is done correctly and focuses on candidate qualifications. A computer shouldn’t be distracted by a handsome face.

4. Time: 4 mins 15s– 12 mins

【passage 2】

1. Main idea:

评估医院之间的医疗装备竞赛

2. Structure development:

•         背景：local hospital competition takes the form of costly duplication of specialized services—the "medical arms race." 与该假说背道而驰：the supply of specialized services is determined solely by "the extent of the market."

•         对此，作者团队开发了预测模型进行评估

•         大众观点：医院之间互相竞争没有什么好果子吃：raises the costs of care、the quality of care to fall

•         大众观点在社会上的影响：民众呼吁国有化医疗服务；antitrust

•         作者的观点：提出两个疑问，1）控制市场与margin之间的关系；2）MAR sufficient to warrant policy interest

3. Words and expressions:

allegedly adv. 依其申述

duplication n. 复制

warrant n. 担保保证

salutary adj. 有益的

4. Time: 4 mins – 25 mins