备考GMAT日志01/04/2021-01/18/2021

狮子发-GMAT

01/12/2021

Objective:
Make progress on 1st verbal SC and 1st quant

Key Result:
1. all the verbal chapter 1-3 1.5 hrs done
2. practice all the verbal chapter 1-3 1hr done
3. Quant 1.5 hrs done

10 pomodoroes

tomorrow goal: 11 pomodoroes: from morning 9:30am

总结1. 读书笔记：更简洁，但必须有结构，连在一起
2. 可以做到10个番茄钟，重点是每天都做到10个以上，下午3-4点会开始累，方法：绕着这里走走，吃水果，牛奶
3. 态度：当时直接只用书和官方指南，确实方法是不同的，效果也是不同的，下次：一开始就找最好的教学辅导人员，可以不一定这个机构最贵的，但必须是最好的机构，他们确实有很好的方法论，而不是自己去钻研， 有很多可以学，你的态度是怎么样的？基础很重要啊

SC
1. long
2. whats happening

such as: introduce example

overall meaning

split: first and last word

such movies as = movies such as

red herring

time marker: now -> change meaning
when are things happening

step 2: read for meaning
meaning as impt as grammar

just think about what the possible issues are

EXTRACT the core of the sentence
- although WP first gained recognition for one thing, he was remembered for other, quite different things

was != now
jot down a possible issuse and move on

was...now?

Step 3 finding a starting point
- know for sure
- cross off

step 4 eliminate all incorrect
- same error
- scan vertically for only that portion

would be != now
will be != now

REPEAT

- dif straighforward?
- easiest and fastest path

most SC: >= 3 splits
pick the easiest one. for you

focus on the shorter chunk of sentence

don not re-write

if unsure after the time limit, pick one with executive decision

avg: 1min 20 sec

1. one error, out
2. same error multiple
3. spot error, eliminate

never longer than 2 mins

IMPROVE EAR
1. articulate what you feel is wrong

FIRST underlined word + word just before it

FIRST TWO words
has vs. have singular plural

when i see, i will think

train first glance

read entire sentence

KEY strategies:
1. just read entire sentence and articulate meaning
2. just read answers to compare

what problem testing

REVIEW
1. why wrong
2. how eliminate
3. how picking
4. why right

Avoid trap

cement wrongness in brain

One-page summary chapter 1 all the verbal

Sentence Correction Process

5-step
1. glance
2. Read for meaning
3. pick a starting point
4. eliminate
5. repeat

eliminate
1. one error is ok
2. usually 3+ errors, in first and last words, first underlined word + wrod right before
3. multiple ans with same error

Timing
1. avg 1:20
2. max 2 mins pick and move on
3. most less than 1 min

Training
1. flash card: when I see this, I will think that, improve efficiency, 50% useful
2. just look at sentence for meaning, just look at ans for differences
3. reflect on why right, why wrong, why eliminate, why pick

Start to think as the test maker
1. what is he trying to test you on
2. how would you phrase that ans and question
3. what would be a time-consuming trap

Extract sentence core
1. who did what
2. basic meaning

Ch2 Grammar and Meaning

good business writing
1. grammar
2. meaning intended meaning

Grammar
1. everyday speech violates

Meaning
1. confusing is bad
2. concision is only preferred
3. focus on g and m, ignore concision

Focus
1. understand and apply rules of grammar

B.
Five terms
1. Clause: subject + working verb: who did what?
- independent clause: she was offered the job
- dependent clause: has verb but cannot standalone: although she didn't have much work experince
- == sentence fragment: always wrong

2. modifier: provides more info
- adj
- nonessential modifer: which as black fur,
- essential modifer: that she started last week; if removed, meaning ambiguous

3. sentence core
- bare min
- ex: she was offered the job

4. conjunction: sticks parts together
- and
-co-conjunctions: glue two parts same function, same level
- common: FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
-  sub-conjuctions: although: she didn't
- because,while, though, unless,before,after,if
- starts a subordinate clause, cannot standalone

5. marker: clue for what's tested
- unlike: comparison
- signal g issues

appendix b for grammr rules

C. meaning: a closer look

-logical: only 1 meaning
- umambiguous: cannot be more xx than any xx including himself
- exposed by xx using xxx

3 meaning issues
1. words don't match meaning
2. redundant
3. words in wrong place

D. Connect, match the words
- words must make sense together: compare same kind of things

E. Say it once
- each word plays impt part
- dont do a same thing twice

ex: x: sum to a total of

ex: x: present... now

past: previosly, formerly, in the past, before now
present: now, currently, presently, at present
yearly: annual, each year, a year

can co-exist if serve two dif functions

although already conveys the contrast

F. Place your words
- meaning issues

only the council
only on thursday

- only, all

the council granted city officials the right to make legal petitions

G. choose your words

economical: thrifty, efficient

aggravate aggravating
known as known to be known for
loss of loss in
mandate have a mandate
native of native to
range of ranging
rate of rates for
rise rasie
try to do try doing

One-page summary chapter 2
1. meaning and grammar are two keys, concision secondary
2.
3.

5 key terms in grammar
1. cluase: independent, dependent
2. modifier: add info, essential, non-, change meaning or not
3. conjunction, glues, co-- two independent, sub-- 1 in 1 de
4. sentence core: most bare bone
5. marker

change meaning
- placement of words
- word choice, very similar, flash card
- redundancy

meaning
1. avoid any ambiguouty
2.

grammar
1. everyday speech not correct


Practice set p27
1. yet, ships, outside: yet seperate the sentence better
2. subsequently, decrease; each of the past 5 year >> annual
3. may
4. or more, annual

5. A
6. B flag but:signaling a different meaning, ppl believe one thing, but the opposite is true
contrary to popular belief, crime is at its lowest rate in a long time
7. B
lower volume
clearly indicate individual things instead of mudding both together

8. nearly for verb. and adj.
9. if sentence didnt indicate for that portion, we regard it as dont know

time marker: changes when a specific event occurs

2:40pm Quant Welcome + pre-session 1

Interact
- engage
- think before you click

compartmentalize each problem as own event

Quant foundation math 1 and 2

+: 37+43:
(a + b) + (c + d)
let a-d be whole 10 or 100 numbers or x5,
center around one number is best: a - b + a + b

-: distance between 2 numbers on number line
calculate with total distance = a + b+c sa: 500+ 40 + 5 segment

x: multiply
create (a+b) (a-b) = a^2 - b^2
average two numbers and create a + b a - b situation

fraction:
change numberator to fit denominator better
253 / 23 = 230+ 23 / 23

Foundation math video 3
1. divisible by 3: 3 divide by that
2. prime number: exactly 2 dif factors, 1 and itself, 2,3,5,7,11,13,17
3. is divisible by, have all the prime number in the box, subset
4. 1 is not a prime number
5. 0 is a multiple of everything
6. even and odd number only refer to 2, either even or odd, 2n or 2n+1
7. remainder

狮子发-GMAT

01/13/2021

Objective:
Verbal 46
Quant 51

Key Result:
1. all the verbal ch3 reading and practice done 3:14pm section 1 done
2. time managament, sc subject verb interact
3. quant foundation part 3, 4 done with part 3 quant 时间 差不多

吴宇发，你可以完成10个番茄钟吴宇发，你可以拿到GMAT verbal 46, quant 51的成绩的，加油！
Note:
1. summurize each chapter before attempting problem sets
2. time on MP: 2x at least

总结：
早上时间多给我一些，我不够啊，吴宇发
我想学更多，我觉得我可以的，请你给我更多，请给我9点就开始学，8点多到这里，8点多出门，8点吃早餐，7点半起床明天，10点半睡着，10点上床，9点多开始看书

1. 9个番茄钟 《 10 因为太晚开始，因为起不来，因为昨晚鱼骨卡到喉咙去看医生，心情不稳定看手机了，很困还吃了褪黑素
2. 到了3点超级困：午睡10-15分钟，延长午休时间，晚上再早点睡，6点半要起水，8点前吃完饭
3. 能够这么长时间学习这个真的是一种福气，可以有人照顾，无忧地，真是一种福气，你要好好珍惜哦，吴宇发，
4. SC的语法是需要记忆的
5. 每天开始之前先复习昨天的

1. 10点睡，早开始
2. 午睡
3. review

Prioritize

1. Prepare†for†the†upcoming†classƆStart with the assignments that prepare you for the

upcoming class (use the outlines in the Overview section for each session as a guide),

focusing on your weaknesses.

2. Reinforce†the†last†class†. Address weaknesses from the previous class by completing

the relevant tasks that reinforce what you learned in the last session.

3. Stretch†your†strengths†. Finally, push your stronger areas further.

Study†Smarter

● Schedule more frequent, shorter study sessions instead of marathon sessions.

● Mix up topics and activities during a study session.

● Keep a review log .

● Make a one-page summary of each Strategy Guide chapter you read.

● Commit & Focus: Set a timer for the session and put your phone in airplane mode.

Adjust†as†You†Go

Chapter 3 Sentence Structure

Core sentence structure

SUBJECT AND VERB MUST BOTH EXIST

subject: the noun that performs the action
verb: the action
ex: dog runs

Fragement: missing either
ex: x: cat sitting
(working verb)
ok: cat watched, cat was sitting (full verb form)

Present Participle: sitting MUST with a Helping Verb: is, was, will be ....

Fragement:
Because the dog...
WHICH will be ....

B, W: Connecting words, add extra info, not sentence, Modifiers!!

At lease One indept clause

Independent Clause: ok

BOTH AGREE IN NUMBER

dog runs
dogs run

Prepositional Phrase
discovery of new medicines: medicines is part of PP: of new medicines
Key: a noun in a pp will NOT be the subject of the sentence

w: proximity
r: actual sentence structure

Compound Subject  
Lin and Guy: together as the subject: Always plural
must be connected by the word AND

r: Lin, as well as Guy(modifier), drives : one subject

Compound Verb
2 or more verbs that all point to the same subject

r: Lin drove(verb) to work and(conjunction) said(verb) hello

Lin and Guy drive and GREET(c.v.)

ELIMINATE THE MIDDLEMAN AND SKIP THE WARM-UP
Middleman: words between subject and verb

Ignore the Warm-up: before the subject

pp: words headed by a preposition
of mice, by 1800, at that level, from the office, on their orders

+ the house: fly over the house

Key: a noun in a prep phrase will NOT be main subject
ex: Near galway, the houses on the road to Spiddle.... are ...
the houses are the subject
Near +
on+
to+
above are all prep

Dependent clauses: modifier
begins with connecting words: while, because
dont contain main subject
always attached to independent clauses

- usually starts with comma
- removed, still complete sentence

USE STRUCTURE TO DECIDE

match up multiple subject-verb pairs
- main clause first
-then dependet clause

ex: tidal forces (to which an object (falling into a black hole) is subjected) are sufficient

Mid-chapter Quiz
let material sink in for a day or two before moving into second half of chapter

1. B singular agreement
- eliminate middleman(words bt subject and verb)
- in addition to xxx: dependent clause b/c in addition to is a preposition
- subject: string

2. A (fragement)
- is is a verb, if verb only dep.cla then fragment
- a book WAS assigned

3. B (fragment)
- participles: designed, developed masqueraded as verbs, but actually modifiers
- main verb: were designed
- part' -> modifiers: add more info

THE SENTENCE CORE

That: right after a working verb: reset word that starts a new subject-verb structure
- ex: subject - verb THAT subject-verb-object
- singals reader that more info is coming, WAIT for info before interpreting

a Good sentence: clear meaning throughout whole sentence
- not change meaning midway
- r: I know that D, xxxx, was born in xxx ( you know sth. about her)
- x: I know D, xxxx, was born in xxx

2 INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

Compound Sentence:
- 2 complete sentences can be connected into a sentence
- r: Lin xxx, but(conjunction) Guy xxx.
- comma + co-conj MUST
- Fanboys for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (connect 2)
- w: Lin xxx, Guy xxx (no and) (RUN-ON sentence)

the 2 indept clauses have to both have subject + verb
- the term Eureka, which xxxxx, WAS uttered xxx

Semicolon
- 2 standalone sentence can be connected by a semicolon
- ex: Ear xxx; he later xxx; (pronoun can be a subject by itself)
- usually: followed by transition expression: xxxx; therefore xxx
- however, therefore, in addition,
- KEY: MUST use semicolons NOT commas to join sentences with transitional expression
- w: xxx, therefore xxx.
- ; and , never interchangeable

Rule:
- 2 indpt clauses: semicolon or comma + co-conjunction, if just comma: wrong
- rare right: I xxx to E, W&F; W, O; and B, S&T.

ADDING MODIFIERS

Quick sum ch 3 v
1. sentence core, subject verb
2. modifier
3. co-conj

Problem sets
subject + verb, agrees in number or not
1. Jack+ is sharing, y
2. sun+make, y (w) r: sun makeS (no proximity)
3. decision + was + inspiring, y
4. sm and ba + have seen,n (w), r: chain AND bakery (last noun)

5. A, body+revamped,players have suffered, (run-on, no co-conj)
- (w)
- B: ok to connect a dependent clause to in.cl. with a comma and nothing else
- ex: Ever since .... (dependent clause), the head

6. A, Schuster+is considering to run, (illogical)
- considering whether SHE should xxxx

7. B, lighthouse+overlooks,(ambiguous )
- just ONE interpretion of meaning!

8. the music company was afraid (that the increased xxx would not compensate the xxxx discs)
- 2 indept clauses need a comma and a co-conj
- noun in pp can never be main subject: decline of sales
- that the xxx not be compensated by xxx

9. xxx, that     distillate viscous
- xxx were extremely xxx; as a result, the xxxx

10. program has had xxxx; nevertheless, it is not suitable xxxx
- only FANBOYS can be used with comma,
- , BUT it is not

11. Isle had an economy xxx; now, it is based on xxx (fragment) need indept clause
- ; now, IT HAS ONE (subject should be Isle not economy, so should be IT HAS one, not IT IS)

12. trench is situated xxxx, and it is xx covered; in addition, it is the xxx. (2 indept)   
- trench, situated xxxx and covered xxx, IS the lowest

Quant foundation part 3

Visualize Prime boxes
- if a is a factor of b, then b's prime box contains a's
- so is 3b
- think of them in terms of prime boxes visually
- numerator: the more the merrier

Visualize exponents
- a^b: a x a x a x a x a
- a^x + a ^y = a ^ (x+y)
- (a^x)^y = a^xy (rectangle of a^x length is y)
- a^x / a^y = a^(x-y)
- a^-x = 1 / a^x
- a^0 = 1
- y root a^x = a^(x/y) (split into y portions)

prime box for square roots, cube root
sqr48 + sqr27
- approximation: < 7 + > 5 = 12
- eliminate
- find prime boxes of 48 and 27
- sqr 48 = sqr 8 x 6 = sqr 2^3 x 2 x 3 = sqr 2^4 x 3= 2^2 sqr3
- sqr 27 = sqr 3^3 = sqr 3^2 x 3 = 3^2 x sqr 3
- analogy: fruit basket: split into 2 evenly

prime boxes for
12(16) - 18(8)
= 2x6x2x8 - 2x9x2^3
= 2x2x3x2x2^3 - 2x3^3x2^3
= 2^6x3 - 2^4x3^3
= 2^4 x 3(2^2 x 3)
= 2^3 x 2 x 3
= 8 x 6
= 48  

狮子发-GMAT

01/14/2021

Objective:
1. Quant 51
2. Verbal 46

Key Result:
1. Pomodoro x
2. Verbal x
3. Quant x
今天去医院看医生了，只学了3个番茄钟。

https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-gmat-time-management-part-1-of-3/
Time Management
[size=16.011201858520508px]- review this before every practice test
[size=16.011201858520508px]

[size=16.011201858520508px]Key
[size=16.011201858520508px]- Getting an easier question wrong hurts your score more than getting a harder question wrong.
- [size=16.011201858520508px]Missing 4 or more questions in a row hurts your score more than getting 4 “spread-out” questions wrong.
[size=16.011201858520508px]

[size=16.011201858520508px]Principles
[size=16.011201858520508px]1. Practice the behavior you want to exhibit on the GMAT.
2. After you’ve made your GMAT decision, spend all the time you like trying to figure stuff out.

Verbal Session 2: Interact SC subject, verbs, structure
1. strip to core
2. match subjects + verbs
3. fix faulty

Have to have
- Who did what

Review

SV pairs
- should be logical too
- look at all verbs associate with this subject see if they agree
- xxx ,(xxxx), xxxx: usually (xxx) is distraction

Distractors
- pp: starts with which, that, flying, considered, in
- of a primate jawbone: of: jawbone is a modification of fragments

Idiom
- estimated to be X

Jargon: clause
-

That
- noun. after that cannot be the main subject, it is not an independent clause
- ex: threat xxx that xx reptiles face

2 verbs together
- S1 that S2 faces(V2) result (V1)

first glance
1. underlined
2. first word
3. last word
4. word right before underlined

compound subject

pronoun
- correspond with the main subject
- each state -> its
- check

And in subject : compound subject

ozone reacts: singular

when xxx: pp, xxx cannot be major subject

WHO Does What!

The dog barks and jumps.
the dog barks, jumps and eats.

begun in xxxx,
skip description

right:
construction began in xx, and was completed in xxxx

independet clause; indepdent clause. pronoun ok.
use comma + fanboys to connect two independet clauses.

狮子发-GMAT

01/16/2021

Objective:
1. Verbal 46
2. Quant 51

Key result:
1. 4x pomodoroes 5x
2. reflect
3. weekly schedule (STICK TO SCHEDULE) done

Done
1. RC reading passages


determine on 01/18/2021

RC
1. main point
2. structure

Articulate main point of passage every time

key words
- contrasting approaches
- 1st approach: Buel
- 2nd approach: lebsock

L more direct than B about women's status

Tip
- speed up when fits
- slow up when unexpected

details about L > B

Key words
- more importantly
- in contrast

Instructor's note:
- regarding women's history: L's is better than B's

Start
- with wrong

both sides
- easy first

write about history in 2 approaches
- two sides of a debate: means debate each other

Ice ages caused untestable

M's theory:
ice age caused by variations in earth's orbit around sun,
isotope makes it testable

Structure
1. intro to an untested theory
2. a method for testing
3. 2 adv. of method
4. alternate method

main point questions
1. not look back
2. work from w - r

Structure
- speed up when meet expectation
- slow down when surprised

Ecoefficiency
2 suggest
why
better way

Points
1. focus on the time tense for point in passage
- passage: future, ans: have already
2. passage has to directly say something to be true
- successful?

Daily Practice
- read off of screen
- read other materials

2 hours big break 2 hours
1 day a week no GMAT
half wd half wk
exercise regularly, mix exercise and learning

-----
Quant

1. Fraction
2. Ratios
3. LCM
4. Translation

1. manipulate fraction
2. move back and forth between fraction and ratio
3. translate between story and words

Fraction
1. visualize ratio in maps: xx : xxxxx
2. A is what fraction of xxxx: a / xxxx (after of)

Inscribe:
1. move this thing around, area same
2. think about what constitute this area, not needing number: AD x AB X 1/2 : AD x AB = 1/2
3. what fraction of ABCD is AED: AED / ABCD

Strategy
1. Glance on ans first
2. list ratio
3. find lcm
4. place in one big ratio
5. tag on

Steps:
1. Isolate, represent one sentence with math at one time
2. list
3. lcm
4. tag on

as many A as B
A/B

Represent difference as A-B: 20 more cats than dogs: A-B = 5-3
use original ratio to represent this difference
C-D : B + D
5-3:  7+3
2:10
x10
20:100

狮子发-GMAT

01/17/2021

Objective:
Verbal 30->46 +14 phase 1: 30->35 +5
Quant 37->51 +16 phase 1: 37->40 +3

Key Results:
1. 12x Pomodoroes on GMAT (Done 10.6)
2. Complete 1/2 of Verbal Session 2: CH 4, 10, 11 (Done half of ch4, most time on practice qs and explanation)
3. Complete Quant Session Math Workshop Part 4, 5 (done part 4, done 1/4 part 5)

总结1. 喝水，喝很多水，水壶带身上，买一瓶大水在小二
2. 24 hours cancellation on exam
3. 写一个整体的为什么考gmat的小文章，为什么想，多问几个为什么？不能停留在所谓爱它，然后加上考虑能：能力，客观主观因素，长期的规划等，内心的坚定

Review Start complete
start practice

Idiom:
whether X (will happen) and
to what extent (it would do so)

include/including
- modifiers/structure

modifer
- must be placed close to noun.

read for meaning!

Placement of time prepositional phrase

Having won vs. winning
- focus on when he wins

Idiom
r: both X and Y
w: both X as well as Y

r: both in London and in Tokyo
r: in both London and Tokyo

w: both in London and Tokyo

now that he has returned: present tense
r: he is hoping/he hopes

performed
having won: won awards first, then performed
winning: performed and won at the same time

logic
he hopes to continue composing now that he has returned

Q984 SC
1. spot the key verb "create" in the subordinate clause
2.

structure:
lying produces reactions
those reactions create physiological responses

in turn:
- X causes Y and Y, IN TURN, casues Z
- best placed to show the 2nd event causes 3rd event
- if not, ambiguity, for example: at the end

emotional reactions in an individual that
- "in an individual" is a modifier for reactions
- that -> refer to reactions, not individual
- even though immediately after individual
- reactions is the main subject here

creating:
- participle not seperated by a comma -> describes noun directly attached
- ex: instability for a person hopping one: hopping -> person, not instability

Logic:
- r: lying -> produces reaction -> create responses
- w: lying -> produce reaction -> in individual (who is) creating responses
- reactions occur only in individuals who have been creating unconcious phy responses for some other reason.

lying produces emotional reactions in an indivudal that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses
- this make more sense

infinitive:
- one things was done on purpose in order to cause another thing to happen
- to create: A happens on purpose to create another thing
- w: lying produces emotional reactions on purpose in order to create unconscious responses
- == in order to create

grammarly equal
- responses that are unconscious
- unconscious responses

1. compares key verb
create vs. creates
creating, who creates: individual who creates: meaning
to create: in order to, on purpose, meaning
2. in turn, place between 2nd and 3rd

Quant Workshop part 4

+/- fraction:
- find LCM of both denominator
- find prime box for both

to find LCM
ex: 15 and 20
- find prime box: 3 x 5, 2 x 2 x 5
- lcm: contain all element at least once: 2^2 x 3 x 5 = 60

zoom in/out
ex: 3/4 + 2/7
- zoom in: lcm of 4 and 7 is 28:
- 28 x (3/4) x 1/28 + 28 x (2/7) x 1/28
- 21/28 + 8/28
- = 29/28

compare fraction
ex: 7/9 and 5/7
- lcm of denominator: 63
- just x63 for both and compare
- no need to zoom out (x 1/63)
- 63 x 7/9 vs. 63 x 5/7
- 49 vs. 45
- 49 bigger: 7/9 bigger

fraction-idea:
-convert to integer

ratio vs. actual
- ratio never change, like ruler in map
- assign actual number to either, will find actual number of others using ratio

to be continued...


Q: number line, fraction, least distance
1. isolate: on the number line, the segement from 0 to 1,
2. didvided into fifths: 1/5
- fraction -> ratio same
- 0 to 35, (ZOOM IN) divided in to fifths 5, 10, 15...
3. also seventh: 1/7, small ticks
- 7, 14, 21, 28
4. least possible distance between any two:
- label all fifths and seventh
- very easy on 0 to 35, all fifths and seventh
5. easy to see: 14-15, 20-21:
6. distance: 1 / number line total (35-0) = 1/35

Key:
1. see fraction->zoom in/out ex: 0-1, fifth, seventh -> 0 to 35
2. label everything that is given: 5, 10, 15 ... 7, 14, 21, 28
3. very easy to see the difference

Visualize Relationship addition
- flat change
- number line: + pos -> move to the right of x, + neg-> to left of x

multiplication
- (by >1) further from 0, if start from right of 0, further right,
- (by > 1) if start from left of 0, further left
- (by 0 < x< 1) more towards 0

part 5: 24:30 10:00pm

isolate variable
- do the SAME for BOTH sides  


FOCUS on the accumulation of 120 hours!
其他都是浮云
Verbal Ch4 Modifier Reading

Modifier:
- extra info about sth. else in the sentence
-

Noun./ Adverbial modifiers
- modify noun
- modify all else
- adverbial modifers modify some action (noun could be part of it)

Adjectives and adverbs
- adj modify only a noun
- adverb modify anything but a plain noun
- The smart STUDENT WORKS quickly

only
- only make: only modify make: only make one thing: bike
- make only bike: only modify bike: make one kind of bike

placement for only one meaning
- so rare that it is found in only one habitat
- w: only the highest humidity level

adj and adv usage
- illogical: M's grandmother is his supposed Irish ancestor: supposed for ancestor,
---but is always his grandmother, so illogical
- clear meaning: M's grandmother is his supposedly Irish ancestor: s for Irish, maybe
---maybe not I
-- ex: corresponding, frequent, independent, rare, recent, seeming, separate, siginificant, supposed, usual
-- decide what the word is modifying: adj for n. adv for else

Modifier vs. core part 1

Nonessential Mod
- stop at the first house, which is red
- can delete still same meaning
- with comma

essential mod
- stop at the first house that is red ( could be the fifth that's red)
- delete? change meaning
- part of the core description of house
- no comma

comma which
- nonessential n. mod

that
- never with comma
- always essential n. mod

ans: that vs. which: e vs. noneess

3 most common mod
- pp
- -ing
- -ed

ask the question
- what does this mod describe?
- n.
- not just noun: in some countries, mergers are not allowed: where not allowed
- refer to meaning

Cross off
- mod could refer to > 1 thing or action: ambiguity
- what it refer to is illogical

-ing and -ed
- not with comma: noun mod
- ex: engineer running the meeting
- comma + xxing: problem, earning herself a promotion: adverbial mod
- where: before mod, after, both
- the candidate interviewed
- ex: excited by the new chance,

strip mod out
- if still can understand basic sentence without

, + pp/-ing/ed
- adverbial
- nonessential
- just ignore

no , +
- n. mod
- essential
- sometimes nonessential: judge by meaning

Which vs.-ing
- , which: n. mod: nearby noun,
- , -ing: action mod
- ex: xxx, leading.... / decrease has led to ...

noun modifiers
- n. mod answer a specific question you can ask about a n.
- ex: the cat on the couch

p 54. 9:39pm

noun modifier markers: which, that, who and more

adverbial modifiers

modifier markers:prepositions

modifier markers:-ing and -ed words

modifier vs. core part 2

modifier markers:subordinators

quantity

----------

狮子发-GMAT

01/18/2021

Objective:
1. GMAT Verbal 46 Quant 51
2. Achieve Exceptional in all 4 ECON

Key Results:
1. 11+ Pomodoroes
2. Read Syllabus of all 5 ECON courses
3. Start reading chapter 1 of all courses
4. Verabl read ch 4, 5
5. Quant Workshop part 5 finish
6. Vocab 10 mins+

Others
Phone GMAT done
Health Insurance
Research Course
GMAT/B-school realization Change course enrollementchange address
enroll in some gmat forum discussion


Pomodoroes record
1
2
3
4
5 read microeconomics chapter 1 6 pages?
6
7
8



All the verbal ch4 p54

Noun Modifiers
- noun and noun modifiers placed very close together usually

Rule: Place a noun and its modifier as close together as the sentence allows

Adverbial modifier:
- more flexible

Opening Modifer
- mod, b/c cannot stand as its own sentence
- don't tell you who and what its talking about

2 modifiers for one noun
The box of nails, which is nearly full, ....
w: the box, which is full, of nails...
- of nails: essential mod
precedence
- essential mod > nonessential

,which
- always nonessential

Always ask the qs
- what does this mod describe?

Better option
- n. modifier closer to n
- move adverbial mod to somewhere else so noun mod be closer to noun.

Possessive nouns are not actually noun.
- ex: Bill's celebration
- w: happy about his raise, Bill's celebration ....

Daisy_he

楼主好棒，期待好消息～加油！

狮子发-GMAT

01/19/2021

Objective
1. Brandon Wu - 780 GMAT
Verbal 46
Quant 51
2. Prep for wednesday's class

Key Result
1. 1 quant, 1 verbal
2. skim first few chapters 303
3. skim first few chapters 340

Verbal CH4
summary:
- 5 pomodoroes
- I can work harder, just one more pomodoro here and there
- in stead of complaining, think about what you can do to improve

Noun modifier markers: which, that, who, more

Noun modifier: usually: which who whose whom: always n. mod
- others: that: follows immediately after noun is noun modifier
- sub-verb-THAT-sub-verb

who, whom: always people
which: non-people
whose: ppl/non-ppl

prep-which/prep-whom
-invert
- the canal through which wate flows
invert -> water flows through the canal
- if inverted correct, orginal correct too

where/when
- n./adverbial mod

where
- only actual place: area, site, state/province, country
- cannot mod a metaphorical place: condition, situation, case, circumstance, arrangement
- use in which instead
- w: an arrangement where he ...
- r: an a- in which he ...
- after invert, change a/an/the is ok

when
- n. mod: event, time, period, age, 1987, decade
- same as: in which, during which
- r: period when ...
- r: period during which ...

Adverbial Modifier
- placement less strict
- but need place in place make sentence logical
- ex: A rapidly filled ...

Modifier Marker: prepositions

singal adv. mod
- how, when, where, why, how much

resulting in
- -ing + prep
- first word -ing
- no , -> n. mod

Lack of a xxx
- of a xxx is n. mod for Lack

common factor
- common is n. mod

-ing/-ed + ,
- adv. mod
- placement flex

Present participle/past participle
- -ing, -ed
-ing as mod
- most of the time
- can be noun: running is fun

she is running
- is running (verb)
- must have "is" to be verb

noun mod
- the girl playing soccer (no comma = noun nod) is my ..

adv mod
- SHE STAYED all day, playing soccer until she was the only one left on the field(adv mod)

exception:
- , including: noun mod: she likes puzzles, including, xx, yy, and zz.
- including's synonym

3 common type -ed
- verb: she played...
- n mod: expired lottery TICKET (no ,)
- adv mod: exhausted from her job, SHE BOUGHT... (when with , and seperated)
- HAS TO MAKE SENSE WITH WHOLE CLAUSE!

Sequence in participle mod

ok:
- she slipped on the ice, breaking her ankle

modifier vs. core part 2

if a modifier comes after the conjunction
- it is moding the second part of the sentence (clause)
- ex: but in calling for xxxx, the employees: refers to em calling for xx,
- if not logical-> problem
- r: but in calling for xxx, SHE UPSET

sequence
- B, adv mod, n mod: bad, b/c n mod should be close to n.
- ok: adv mod, B does sth, yet does another thing.

page 62, middle


Quant

Elimination method to solve 2 equations, 2 variables
- isolate variables you don't want
- stack/add
- remember to add/multiply both sides

word problem
- analyze ans choices first
- if straightforward, look at question then
- if straighforward again, use ans b/d
- sub in to see if make sense
- work backwards
- only use algebra 10% of time


part 5
-> 44:58

狮子发-GMAT

Daisy_he 发表于 2021-1-18 14:08
楼主好棒，期待好消息～加油！

太蟹蟹你的支持啦！It means a lot to me! 我也一起期待一下！

狮子发-GMAT

01/20/2021

Objective:
1. verbal 46
2. quant 51
3. Insead

Key result:
1. finish verbal ch 4
2. practi
3. finish quant workshop part 5

Verbal

Mod Markers: Subordinators

ex: although the economy is strong, the xxx is xxx.
- almost a complete sentence except starting with a subordinator
- always adv. mod

sub clause has own subject
- opening mod: although strong now, + noun (right after ,)
- vs. sub clause: although the economy is strong, + a dif subject

common sub ord
- after, although, because, before, if, since
- so that, that, unless, until, when, while
- similar function to FANBOYS

contrast
- meaning need to demonstrate

ONly one connecting word per connection
- although, no yet

!!
- nouns in pp cannot be subjects
- ex: about the environmental damage

Sentence Structure
- ok: sub - verb THAT subject verb
- noun after that(subordinator) can be subject

right but weird
- subject + verb + mod with noun(damage) - mod - mod, damage that may be impossible to reverse.
- additional info
- synonym ok

Quantity

countable things
- try counting the things

coutable mod
- many hats, few stores, fewer children, fewest shoes, number of chairs, numerous books
- feelings

uncountable mod
- much patience, little merchandise, less money, least greed, amount of furniture, great courage

both c/uc mod
- more, most, enough, all

w: less for countable
less than 20 dollars

its numbers are greater than

price of silver increased by 10 dollars
vs. is five dollars greater than price
that cannot refer to people

whose -> ok for non-human entities