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Day1
1-1 A product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price. Because technological advances tend to be quickly surpassed and companies want to make large profits while they still can, many companies charge the greatest price the market will bear when they have such a product. But large profits on the mew product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the mew product’s capabilities. Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.
In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?
A. The first is an assumption that forms the basis for a course of action that the argument criticizes; the second presents the course of action endorsed by the argument.
B. The first is a consideration raised to explain the appeal of a certain strategy; the second is a consideration raised to call into question the wisdom of adopting that strategy.
C. The first is an assumption that has been used to justify a certain strategy; the second is a consideration that is used to cast doubt on that assumption.
D. The first is a consideration raised in support of a strategy the argument endorses; the second presents grounds in support of that consideration.
E. The first is a consideration raised to show that adopting a certain strategy is unlikely to achieve the intended effect; the second is presented to explain the appeal of that strategy.
时间：1‘45
逻辑链：Premise：large profits on the mew product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the mew product’s capabilities.
Conclusion：the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price..
Logic: 新技术容易被超过（中间结论前提）->定最高价（中间结论，最重结论反对）->最重结论前提->最重结论
选项：
A. 前半句对，后半句没有表现出course，是consequently之后表现出的course，
B.正确。
C.后半句不是质疑assumption，assumption是没问题，assumption推出的结论有问题。
D.后半句不是支持that consideration。
E.前半句不对，不是unlikely；后半句也不对，不是解释that strategy
1-2 In the United States, of the people who moved from one state to another when they retired, the percentage who retired to Florida has decreased by three percentage points over the past ten years. Since many local businesses in Florida cater to retirees, this decline is likely to have a noticeably negative economic effect on these businesses.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A. Florida attracts more people who move from one state to another when they retire than does any other state.
B. The number of people who move out of Florida to accept employment in other states has increased over the past ten years.
C. There are far more local businesses in Florida that cater to tourists than there are local businesses that cater to retirees.
D. The total number of people who retired and moved to another state for their retirement has increased significantly over the past ten years.
E. The number of people who left Florida when they retired to live in another state was greater last year than it was ten years ago.
时间：1‘10
逻辑链：Premise：移民比例减少
Conclusion：对经济负影响.
Logic: 移民比例减少->移民总量减少->经济依赖移民 ->经济负影响（比率和总量混淆概念）
选项：
A.无关比较
B.无关比较
C.无关比较
D.正确
E.无关比较
1-3 In parts of South America, vitamin-A deficiency is a serious health problem, especially among children. In one region, agriculturists are attempting to improve nutrition by encouraging farmers to plant a new variety of sweet potato called SPK004 that is rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. The plan has good chances of success, since sweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and the varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the plan will succeed?
A. The growing conditions required by the varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region are conditions in which SPK004 can flourish.
B. The flesh of SPK004 differs from that of the currently cultivated sweet potatoes in color and texture, so traditional foods would look somewhat different when prepared from SPK004.
C. There are no other varieties of sweet potato that are significantly richer in beta-carotene than SPK004 is.
D. The varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region contain some important nutrients that are lacking in SPK004.
E. There are other vegetables currently grown in the region that contain more beta-carotene than the currently cultivated varieties of sweet potato do.
时间：1’20
逻辑链：Premise：since sweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and the varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.
Conclusion：很能成功
Logic: vitamin-A deficiency -> SPK004 -> since sweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and the varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.-> 很能成功
选项：
A. 正确
B. 不知道会有什么影响
C. 无关比较
D. 说课spk004缺点，削弱
E.无关比较
1-4 The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?
A. Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.
B. No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
C. The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.
D. Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.
E. The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.
时间：1‘40
逻辑链：Premise：4 holes is what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale
Conclusion：the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
Logic: Neanderthal campsite 4 holes -> play 3-6-> 7note的应用-> diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
选项：
A. 无关
B. 无关，讨论全音阶是不是被西方音乐家采纳和有没有更老的乐器能吹全音阶无关
C. 描述发掘情况，无关
D. 描述笛子的功能，无关
E.正确，提供了熊腿骨更可能是flute的证据，加强了4孔碎片的骨笛的原型是能吹7孔的笛子，从而使得hypothesize更有依据
1-5 It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except in professional medical journals or by mail directly to physicians. A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications. Opponents object that, in general, laypersons lack the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications. But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, the objection provides no grounds for concern.
Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?
A. Whether nonprescription medications can interact with and block the action of any prescription medications that could be advertised to the general public
B. Whether most prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would be advertisements for recently developed medications newly available by prescription
C. Whether prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would appear on television and radio as well as in print
D. Whether physicians are more likely to pay attention to advertising directed to the general public than to advertising directed to physicians
E. Whether physicians are likely to succumb to pressure from patients to prescribe inappropriate medications
时间：1‘30
逻辑链：Premise：since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient
Conclusion：the objection provides no grounds for concern
Logic: 医生有决定权-> 反对无效
选项：
A. 讨论广告内容，无关
B. 讨论广告内容，无关
C. 讨论广告形式，无关
D. 无关比较
E.正确，如果屈服，削弱，如果不屈服加强
1-6 City Official: At City Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewer procedures performed than do insured patients, even though insured patients, on average, have slightly less serious medical problems at the time of admission to the hospital than uninsured patients have. Critics of the hospital have concluded that the uninsured patients are not receiving proper medical care. However, this conclusion is almost certainly false. Careful investigation has recently shown two things: insured patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.
In the city official’s argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?
A. The first states the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second provides support for that conclusion.
B. The first is used to support the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second states that conclusion.
C. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second states the position that the city official’s argument opposes.
D. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second provides support for the conclusion of the city official’s argument.
E. The first states the position that the city official’s argument opposes; the second states the conclusion of the city official’s argument.
时间：1‘20
逻辑链：Premise：insured patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary
Conclusion：this conclusion is almost certainly false.
Logic: 没保险治疗时间短（中间结论的前提）->没保险的没得到好治疗（中间结论） ->结论1错了（结论） ->前提
选项：
A. 前半句错了，不是官员结论，是官员反对结论；前后结论是转折，不是支持
B. 前半句不是支持，后半句也不是描述前半句结论
C. 前半句是结论不是支持结论
D. 前半句是结论不是支持结论，后半句是结论不是支持结论
E. 对，
1-7 Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?
Davison River farmers are currently deciding between planting winter wheat this fall or spring wheat next spring. Winter wheat and spring wheat are usually about equally profitable. Because of new government restrictions on the use of Davison River water for irrigation, per acre yields for winter wheat, though not for spring wheat, would be much lower than average. Therefore, planting spring wheat will be more profitable than planting winter wheat, since‗‗‗‗‗‗.
A. the smaller-than-average size of a winter wheat harvest this year would not be compensated for by higher winter wheat prices
B. new crops of spring wheat must be planted earlier than the time at which standing crops of winter wheat are ready to be harvested
C. the spring wheat that farmers in the Davison River region plant is well adapted to the soil of the region
D. spring wheat has uses that are different from those of winter wheat
E. planting spring wheat is more profitable than planting certain other crops, such as rye
时间：1‘40
逻辑链：Premise：需要填出
Conclusion：春小麦利润高
Logic:填出（找个春小麦好处或者冬小麦坏处） ->春小麦利润高
选项：
A. 对
B. 春小麦坏处，反了
C. 无关
D. 无关
E. 无关比较
1-8 （support 变体 题）A company plans to develop a prototype weeding machine that uses cutting blades with optical sensors and microprocessors that distinguish weeds from crop plants by differences in shade of color. The inventor of the machine claims that it will reduce labor costs by virtually eliminating the need for manual weeding.
Which of the following is a consideration in favor of the company’s implementing its plan to develop the prototype?
A. There is a considerable degree of variation in shade of color between weeds of different species.
B. The shade of color of some plants tends to change appreciably over the course of their growing season.
C. When crops are weeded manually, overall size and leaf shape are taken into account in distinguishing crop plants from weeds.
D. Selection and genetic manipulation allow plants of virtually any species to be economically bred to have a distinctive shade of color without altering their other characteristics.
E. Farm laborers who are responsible for the manual weeding of crops carry out other agricultural duties at times in the growing season when extensive weeding is not necessary.
时间：1‘52
逻辑链：Premise：A company plans to develop a prototype weeding machine that uses cutting blades with optical sensors and microprocessors that distinguish weeds from crop plants by differences in shade of color.
Conclusion：it will reduce labor costs by virtually eliminating the need for manual weeding.
Logic: 技术变革->减少人工（找技术变革优点，排除缺点）
选项：
A. 给技术提供更多困难，削弱
B. 给技术提供更多困难，削弱
C. 技术容易实现，正确
D. 强调人工优点，削弱
E.强调人工优点 削弱
1-9 Which of the following most logically completes the passage below?
Heavy rains during Centralia’s corn planting season prevented some farmers there from planting corn. It is now the planting season for soybeans, another of Centralia’s principal crops, and those fields originally intended for corn are dry enough for planting. Nonetheless, even though soybean prices are unusually high at present, the farmers will leave most of these fields empty rather than plant them with soybeans, since ‗‗‗‗‗‗.
A. the extensive rains have led to an increase in the price of corn
B. some Centralian farmers anticipate serious financial losses due to the extremely wet spring planting season
C. chemicals that were used to prepare the fields for corn planting would stunt the growth of soybeans
D. the majority of Centralia’s corn farmers were able to plant corn as they had intended, despite the wet planting season
E. many Centralian farmers grow both corn and soybeans
时间：
逻辑链：Premise：填
Conclusion：leave most of these fields empty rather than plant them with soybeans
Logic: 有明显好处却不做，找一个这个方法的缺点
选项：
A. 与种豆子无关
B. 与种豆子无关
C. 指出缺点，正确
D. 与种豆子无关
E. 与种豆子无关
1-10 Until mow, only injectable vaccines against influenza have been available. Parents are reluctant to subject children to the pain of injections, but adults, who are at risk of serious complications from influenza, are commonly vaccinated. A new influenza vaccine, administered painlessly in a nasal spray, is effective for children. However, since children seldom develop serious complications from influenza, no significant public health benefit would result from widespread vaccination of children using the nasal spray.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Any person who has received the injectable vaccine can safely receive the nasal-spray vaccine as well.
B. The new vaccine uses the same mechanism to ward off influenza as jnjectable vaccines do.
C. The injectable vaccine is affordable for all adults.
D. Adults do not contract influenza primarily from children who have influenza.
E. The nasal spray vaccine is mot effective when administered to adults.
时间：1‘20
逻辑链：Premise：children seldom develop serious complications from influenza
Conclusion：no significant public health benefit would result from widespread vaccination of children using the nasal spray
Logic: 小孩没有严重并发症-> 小孩用鼻喷不会有显著的公共健康益处（概念变化，小孩健康和公共健康）
选项：
A. 无关
B. 无关比较
C. 无关
D. 如果回答是，加强，如果不是，削弱，正确
E.无关
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发表于 2020-8-31 21:25:15
