求解逻辑300难题

strawberrytae

Since 1978 when the copyright law was changed, books that are less than fifty years old must not be photocopied without the publisher’s permission. Thus, any book that has been photocopied since 1978 without the publisher’s permission must be at least fifty years old.

The reasoning above exhibits a flaw similar to one in which of the following?

A、Any member of the solar system must be either a planet or a moon, so if an asteroid is neither a planet nor a moon, it must not be a member of the solar system.

B、Anyone who rides a city bus must buy a bus pass, and since Demetrios has a bus pass, he must be riding on a city bus.

C、A driver who turns right must signal, so any driver who did not signal must not have turned right.

D、Anyone who legally crosses a national boundary must have a passport; thus anyone who does not have a passport cannot legally cross a national boundary.

E、Any wage earner residing in the state must pay state taxes, so since Blodwen pays state taxes, she must be resident in the state.

答案是c，但是d不也对么？其他几个选项也很有迷惑性

绝了一遇到这种题就倒

strawberrytae

Some theorists and critics insist that no aesthetic evaluation of a work of art is sound if it is based even in part on data about the cultural background of the artist. This opinion is clearly false. The only sound aesthetic evaluations of artists’ works are those that take into account factors such as the era and the place of the artists’ births, their upbringing and education, and the values of their societies—in sum, those factors that are part of their cultural background.

The above argument is most vulnerable to which of the following objections?


The argument presupposes the conclusion for which it purports to provide evidence.

The argument cites evidence that undermines rather than supports the conclusion.

The argument draws its conclusion by means of an equivocal interpretation of key terms.

The argument assumes that the production of an effect is evidence of an intention to produce that effect.

The argument assumes that evaluative disputes can be resolved by citing factual evidence.

邶风角

第二题是circular reasoning，因为原命题和逆否命题正确性是一样的。第二题用逆否命题正确来证明原命题正确，是循环论证。

邶风角

第一题不清楚，我猜测，must的否定不应该是 must not，但是我也不是很确定......有其他人解释喊我一声

strawberrytae

邶风角 发表于 2019-12-10 19:58
第一题不清楚，我猜测，must的否定不应该是 must not，但是我也不是很确定......有其他人解释喊我一声 ...

好的

61Wendy61

题目说法律制定不等于一定会被遵守。D没有这种flaw，后半句是 cannot legally cross a national boundary，不能合法入关，这句话是对的