9.26阅读二

AMBER513

In the seventeenth-century Florentine textile industry, women were employed primarily in low-paying, low-skill jobs.（描述一种现象，这种现象将在接下来被主要分析） To explain this segregation of labor by gender, economists have relied on the useful theory of human capital.（一种解释的理论，本段的其余内容都在详细论述human capital理论是怎么解释上述现象的） According to this theory, investment in human capital-the acquisition of difficult job-related skills-generally benefits individuals by making them eligible to engage in well-paid occupations. Women’s role as child bearers, however, results in interruptions in their participation in the job market (as compared with men’s) and thus reduces their opportunities to acquire training for highly skilled work. （一方面，纵向比较，女性能选择的工作大多数是低薪酬的，因为受到training的机会少）In addition, the human capital theory explains why there was a high concentration of women workers in certain low-skill jobs, such as weaving, but not in others, such as combing or carding, by positing that because of their primary responsibility in child rearing women took occupations that could be carried out in the home.（另一方面，横向比较，在都是没有技术含量的工作中，女性更多的从事在家就可以做的工作）

描述现象并用human capital理论进行解释，指出了两个因素，即女性受到训练的机会少，并且大多数从事在家就能完成的工作

There were, however, differences in pay scales that cannot be explained by the human capital theory. （转折，指出还有一部分差距是human capital理论不能解释的）For example, male construction workers were paid significantly higher wage than female taffeta weavers. （举了第三个例子，类似于上一段的combing and carding，但是这次说的不是女性在择业偏好方面的因素）The wage difference between these two low-skill occupations stems from the segregation of labor by gender: because a limited number of occupations were open to women, there was a large supply of workers in their fields, （指出供求关系的影响。因为提供给女性的职位很少，而有大量女性劳动力，供过于求，因此即使是两个技术含量都很低的工作，女性做的那一个工资也会明显比男性的低）and this “overcrowding” resulted in women receiving lower wages and men receiving higher wages.

用另一个理论解释了女性在同等技术含量的条件下薪酬依然比男性低的原因

结构：描述一个现象，即研究的对象→用human capital理论解释：①女性接受技能训练的机会少，导致女性大概率只能从事低薪酬的工作；②女性倾向于从事在家就能完成的工作→用供求关系解释为什么在同等技术含量下，女性的薪资还是比男性低

265. The passage suggests that combing and carding differ from weaving in that combing and carding are

(A) low-skill jobs performed by primarily by women employees

(B) low-skill jobs that were not performed in the home

(C) low-skill jobs performed by both male and female employees

(D) high-skill jobs performed outside the home

(E) high-skill jobs performed by both male and female employees

because of their primary responsibility in child rearing women took occupations that could be carried out in the home，第一段的第二个举例，解释为什么女性在某些低薪子行业中特别集中，因为她们喜欢待在家里就能完成的工作。与之相对应的combing and carding就是不能在家完成的工作

266. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the explanation provided by the human capital theory for women’s concentration in certain occupations in seventeenth-century Florence?

(A) Women were unlikely to work outside the home even in occupations whose house were flexible enough to allow women to accommodate domestic tasks as well as paid labor.（human capital理论主要在第一段中写到，在第二个举例中提到女性更喜欢在家中完成的工作）

(B) Parents were less likely to teach occupational skills to their daughters than they were to their sons.（没有weaken，符合稳重的描述）

(C) Women’s participation in the Florentine paid labor force grew steadily throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

(D) The vast majority of female weavers in the Florentine wool industry had children.（这个是文中第二个例子的前提）

(E) Few women worked as weavers in the Florentine silk industry, which was devoted to making cloths that required a high degree of skill to produce.（符合文中描述）

267. The author of the passage would be most likely to describe the explanation provided by the human capital theory for the high concentration of women in certain occupations in the seventeenth-century Florence textile industry as

(A) well founded though incomplete

(B) difficult to articulate

(C) plausible but poorly substantiated

(D) seriously flawed

(E) contrary to recent research

[size=14.6667px]human capital理论解释了为什么女性会在某些低薪资行业中聚集（第一段的两点），供求理论是用来补充解释为什么同样的低技术含量工作男性的薪酬依然较高，因此human capital是well founded though incomplete