求助prep07一篇文章

全幼儿园最可爱a

The view has prevailed for the better part of the twentieth century that small firms do not perform an important role in Western economies. Official policies in many countries have favored large units of production because there were strong reasons to believe that large firms were superior to small firms in virtually every aspect of economic performance--productivity, technological progress, and job security and compensation. However, in the 1970s, evidence began to suggest that small firms in some countries were outperforming their larger counterparts. Perhaps the best example of this trend was in the steel industry, where new firms entered the market in the form of "mini-mills," and small-firm employment expanded, while many large companies shut down plants and reduced employment. Although no systematic evidence exists to determine unequivocally whether smaller units of production are as efficient as large firms or are, in fact, more efficient, some researchers have concluded that the accumulated evidence to date indicates that small firms are at least not burdened with an inherent size disadvantage.

Thus, an alternative view has emerged in the economics literature, arguing that small firms make several important contributions to industrial markets. First, small firms are often the source of the kind of innovative activity that leads to technological change. Small firms generate market turbulence that creates additional dimensions of competition, and they also promote international competition through newly created niches. Finally, small firms in recent years have generated the preponderant share of new jobs.

However, empirical knowledge about the relative roles of large and small firms is generally based upon anecdotal evidence and case studies, and such evidence has proved inadequate to answer major questions concerning the role of small firms across various industries and nations. An additional difficulty is that it is not obvious what criteria one should use to distinguish small firms from large ones. While a “small firm” is often defined as an enterprise with fewer than 500 employees, research studies of small firms use a wide variety of definitions.

The passage is primarily concerned with

• Adismissing a challenge to a traditional viewpoint
• Bsuggesting a new solution to a long-standing problem
• Cresolving a conflict between two competing viewpoints
• Ddiscussing the emergence of an alternative viewpoint
• Edefending an alternative viewpoint against possible counterevidence
  

The passage suggests which of the following about the empirical study of small firms' role?

• AAnecdotal evidence does not support the theory that small firms' role is significant.
• BDegrees of market turbulence are the primary indicator of small firms' role.
• CAn examination of new niches created by small firms has provided important data for the analysis of such firms' role.
• DCase studies have provided reliable evidence to answer major questions concerning small firms' role.
• EA more precise definition of the term "small firm" is crucial to making a conclusive analysis about small firms' role.
• 求助以上两题，第一题我选的C，答案是D，因为我觉得是在说两个观点，（当然第二段整段都在说the alternative viewpoint）但是第三段我觉得还是在说这两个观点还没有定论，我就觉得是C了。为什么是D呢，我觉得整篇文章不是在说alternative point的出现啊
• 第二道题我选的A，答案是E。E确实是对的，但我不知道A哪里不对。
• 只有几天就要考试了，谢谢大家！
  

hkricg

这两题主要就是看本篇文章的主旨
作者一开始提出了大家都看轻了小型企业的重要性
之后就提出了小型企业为钢铁业带来了另一番景象
看起来是AGAINST ALTERNATIVE VIEWPOINT
但最后一段
An additional difficulty is that it is not obvious what criteria one should use to distinguish small firms from large ones. While a “small firm” is often defined as an enterprise with fewer than 500 employees, research studies of small firms use a wide variety of definitions.
意指"SMALL FIRM"是500人以下的"小企业"
就是想指出500人就不是小企业了
所以这个综合上答了你问题
1.他带来了新的观点
2.到底"小企业"的定位是什么都没搞清楚怎可以说小企业比大企业做得更好