逻辑小白求解，真没想明白

阿极

Oil companies argue strenuously that no further restrictions should be placed on offshore drilling due to our country’s need for energy resources,
and the possible serious consequences if new energy reserves are not located and explored now.
Of course, the vast sums of money the oil companies stand to reap as a result of these drilling efforts completely invalidates any such arguments.

The questionable pattern of reasoning above is most similar to which of the following?

(A) Everyone in town was wearing boots yesterday, and everyone in town was also carrying an umbrella.
Based on this evidence it is obvious that wearing boots causes one to carry an umbrella.

(B) The owner of a local gas station claims to be losing money, but everyone knows that the oil industry is earning record profits,
which undoubtedly proves that the gas station’s owner must be lying.

(C) The mayor has argued strenuously in favor of a government housing subsidy.
Since such a move would benefit some town residents more than others, this plan should not be implemented.

(D) Although the board claims that their vote in favor of the merger is in the best interest of all shareholders,
the fact that the merger will be most beneficial to the board’s members themselves shows that other shareholders should object to the board’s decision.

(E) The individual who cheated on yesterday’s test surely could have answered every question correctly.
Mary answered every question on the test correctly, so she must have been the student who cheated.


这道题答案是(D)，我一开始在(D)跟(B)之间徘徊，可我最后选了(B)
我不是很明白，他们的共通点不是都是看似在为大家谋取福利不过其实最大的获益者是自己吗？
为什么不能够选择(B)？

跪求小伙伴为我解答，先感谢大家了啊！

1998JIN

B 哪里有为大家谋福利。。。不是说自己丢钱了吗？

Tony-777

我个人认为：题干问的是：质疑的论证结构，要从论证结构角度去看：
Premise：说事儿X
Conclusion：说事儿Y【偷换概念，Y和X并非一个范畴的事情】
所以整体的论证结构应该是：偷换概念，即questionable reasoning其实是偷换了概念。

阿极

1998JIN 发表于 2019-4-28 14:39
B 哪里有为大家谋福利。。。不是说自己丢钱了吗？

这里的losing money不是指赔钱的意思吗?
如果我理解有误那(D)选项就说得通了

阿极

Tony-777 发表于 2019-4-28 17:04
我个人认为：题干问的是：质疑的论证结构，要从论证结构角度去看：
Premise：说事儿X
Conclusion：说事儿Y ...

好像有那么一点能够理解，感谢你啊亲

1998JIN

阿极 发表于 2019-4-28 18:51
这里的losing money不是指赔钱的意思吗?
如果我理解有误那(D)选项就说得通了 ...

啊？赔钱和给大家谋福利有什么关系吗。。。

Tony-777

阿极 发表于 2019-4-28 18:58
好像有那么一点能够理解，感谢你啊亲

我进一步说：
原题前提：我在说某个项目能够为【公共谋福利】，所以政府要支持啊，否则【公共福利会受损】。
结论：你反驳我说：你是为了私利，所以才支持这个项目。
你想想，如果是一个CR削弱题，你能这么反驳我吗？就算我为了私利，但是我说的前提没问题啊，咱俩说的不是一个事儿啊。你没办法反驳我。

阿极

1998JIN 发表于 2019-4-28 20:39
啊？赔钱和给大家谋福利有什么关系吗。。。

现在想想好像也觉得有点奇怪
我当时应该是觉得他虽然处于赔钱状态，
但他还愿意贩卖石油所以我觉得这有点像是为了大众福利而去贩卖石油。

阿极

Tony-777 发表于 2019-4-28 20:58
我进一步说：
原题前提：我在说某个项目能够为【公共谋福利】，所以政府要支持啊，否则【公共福利会受损 ...

我觉得我可以理解，他们之间没有相似的共通点，
而且(B)选项的老板说谎也跟为大家谋福利好像没有什么确切关系。
感谢

胖达

顶楼主！