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hy903

PASSAGE 34
*Kazuko Nakane's history of the early Japanese immi- grants to central California's Pajaro Valley focuses on the development of farming communities there from 1890 to 1940. The Issei
first-generation immigrants)
5) were brought into the Pajaro Valley to raise sugar beets. Like Issei laborers in American cities, Japanese men in rural areas sought employment via the "boss" system. The system comprised three elements: immigrant wage laborers; Issei boardinghouses where laborers stayed;
10) and labor contractors, who gathered workers for a particular job and then negotiated a contract between workers and employer. This same system was originally utilized by the Chinese laborers who had preceded the Japanese. A related institution was the "labor club,"
15)which provided job information and negotiated employ- ment contracts and other legal matters, such as the rental of land, for Issei who chose to belong and paid an annual fee to the cooperative for membership. When the local sugar beet industry collapsed in 1902,
20) the Issei began to lease land from the valley's strawberry farmers. The Japanese provided the labor and the crop was divided between laborers and landowners. The Issei began to operate farms, they began to marry and start families, forming an established Japanese American
30) community. Unfortunately, the Issei's efforts to attain agricultural independence were hampered by govern- ment restrictions, such as the Alien Land Law of 1913. But immigrants could circumvent such exclusionary laws by leasing or purchasing land in their American-born
35) children's names.
*Nakane's case study of one rural Japanese American community provides valuable information about the lives and experiences of the Isseil. It is, however, too particularistic. This limitation derives from Nakane's
40) methodology—that of oral history—which cannot substitute for a broader theoretical or comparative perspective. Furture research might well consider two issues raised by her study: were the Issei of the Pajaro Valley similar to or different from Issei in urban settings,
45) and what variations existed between rural Japanese American communities?

7. It can be inferred from the passage that, when the Isseibegan to lease land from the Valley's strawberryfarmers, the Issei most probably did which of thefollowing?
(A) They used profits made from selling the strawberrycrop to hire other Issei.
(B) They negotiated such agricultural contracts using the"boss" system.
(C) They paid for the use of the land with a share of thestrawberry crop.
(D) They earned higher wages than when they raisedsugar beets.
(E) They violated the Alien Land Law.

答案选c，可是我觉得文中提到“A limited amount of economic progress was made as some Issei were able to rent or buy farmland directly, while others joined together to form farming corporations. ” 不是应该选d吗？

请教大家！谢谢

hy903

顶顶，请大家帮忙啊！