1.15新鲜狗

StevenLuo_

感谢分享！               

helenecc

感谢楼主！求确认罗技是不是下面这题？

Only a reduction of 10 percent in the number of scheduled flights using Greentown's airport will allow the delays that are so common there to be avoided. Hevelia airstrip, 40 miles away, would, if upgraded and expanded, be an attractive alternative for fully 20 percent of the passengers using Greentown airport. Nevertheless, experts reject the claim that turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would end the chronic delays at Greentown.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to justify experts' position?

A Turning Hevelia into a full-service airport would require not only substantial construction at the airport itself, but also the construction of new access highways.

B A second largely undeveloped airstrip close to Greentown airport would be a more attractive alternative than Hevelia for many passengers who now use Greentown.

C Hevelia airstrip lies in a relatively undeveloped area but would, if it became a full-service airport, be a magnet for commercial and residential development.

D If an airplane has to wait to land, the extra jet fuel required adds significantly to the airline's costs.

E Several airlines use Greentown as a regional hub, so that most flights landing at Greentown have many passengers who then take different flights to reach their final destinations.

vincentandchao

メテオ 发表于 2019-1-15 16:04
数学演唱会那题真的是4度嘛？

看了机经 64度，但是无论是4还是64 你都可以得出答案的

supery414

感谢楼主！
能不能麻烦楼主看一下JJ里广告那一篇【考古】是这次的内容吗，看起来感觉差挺多的。万分感谢！

sasaki720

求问广告是这一篇吗：感激不尽

P1：不同广告学家对 advertising如何产生效果有不同的认识，提出两个view：
第一个view说：广告是否有效要看对demand有没有影响（advertising will be effective only if 它能对customer的demand stage产生影响），根据产生的直接效益（sales，demand）来衡量，好像是广告cost直接和sales的关系。这样目标群体就限定在有这个产品需求或者有过愉快的产品体验的人身上。（不是重点）
另一个认为：广告的效用其实是一系列的影响，不一定只是sales的直接提高才说明广告有用。两者直接可能存在中间媒介就是audience的反应，也可以以此做判断。广告的效用对intermediate stage的影响同样会产生正面效果，不强规定对demand的影响，引出hierarchy的那种假说(hierarchy什么stage什么的)。但此观点也有一些缺点，比如忽视了客户的demand。比如说，有的广告的运用，增强了消费者（或者潜在消费者）对这个产品、品牌的信心啊，理解啊，总之或许多打广告，厂商的知名度也上去了，这种潜在的好处也应该算作是广告的作用。然后解释stage的问题，stage就分好几个阶段，比如生产，销售，售后等各种环节，后一个观点说的intermediate stage，就是说只要对stage里面的某一段有过作用，都可以算是广告effective了。又说新的一种广告方式是分时期分受众来吸引大家，在不同的时期有不同的功能什么的，可以吸引到本身对产品没兴趣的人来购买。
When is advertising effective and when is it not? This question has often stimulated heated debate between two camps in the world of marketing and advertising (Barry, 1987). According to one view, advertising is effective only if it sells. Thus, advertising effectiveness is assessed by investigating the relationship between advertising expenditures and brand sales (e.g., Little,1979). The other view stresses that advertising can satisfy its ultimate objective of affecting demand only by establishing a hierarchy of intermediate effects in its audience. Thus, an advertising message or campaign may be evaluated against the objective of establishing a hierarchy of effects up to any particular stage, not necessarilythe stage of demand (e.g., Colley, 1961). A compromise position is, of course,that any message or campaign should be evaluated in terms of the entirehierarchy of effects, including sales effects (Urban and Hauser, 1980).

Many hierarchy-of-effectsmodels have been advanced for advertising effectiveness (for an overview, seeBarry, 1987). 相同点：Each model in this paradigm（范例） has assumed a particular sequence of stages that consumers pass through until demand is affected. For instance, Colley's (1961)defining-advertising-goals-for measured- advertising-results (DAGMAR) model assumes a sequence of awareness, comprehension, conviction, and action, whereas McGuire's (1978)information-processing model (IPM)assumes a sequence of presentation, attention, comprehension, yielding, retention, and behavior. Two major criticisms have been raised for such traditional models in the hierarchy-of-effects paradigm. One is that they fail to consider the marketing situation in which an advertising message is transmitted or an advertising campaign is run and, particularly, the consumer audience at which the message or campaign is targeted. According to Ehrenberg's (1974) awareness-trial-reinforcement (ATR) model, for instance, repeated advertising may be effective in three successive stages of consumer behavior, gaining brand awareness, making a trial purchase, or stimulating and sustaining a repeat buying habit if prior experience was satisfactory. Whereas the traditional models present advertising effectiveness as a sequence of responses up to a particular stage in the hierarchy, the ATR model conceives it as a response at a particular stage in the hierarchy depending on the history of consumer behavior.

tinawestlife

看一下！