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十九、欧盟贸易壁垒
【本月原始】Cris7
长阅读 欧盟撤销贸易壁垒。探究这个措施的影响,benefits 还有一些劣势这样。考的题目 里面有考到欧盟和美国日本比较的。
【本月原始】喵抖喵
3. 一篇欧盟企业 (EC) 的,企业要 concentrate,一道细节题,题目大概是什么企业不会被 影响,答案在 computer 和 airplane 这种已经 concentrated 和 dependent on economic scale 的企业那句
【本月原始】不二的水蜜桃 1.欧盟贸易壁垒
段一:欧盟消除了贸易壁垒想要提高企业竞争力。还与没有壁垒的美国对比说明其好处
段二:减少壁垒可以更好的集中化 但是有坏处 比如小公司被挤出 也有的公司受影响 较小没办法再 cut cost 或者找到更多收益 还有的公司已经达到了规模经济了
【本月原始】ringojeong
欧盟贸易壁垒
讲的是取消壁垒后,根据美国的经验,产业集中度会发生提高。重点是对 economy of
scale 的影响,三个类型的产业受影响不同,已经形成规模效应的产业如航空不会受影响、
本身没有规模效应的如服装行业也不会受影响、而规模效应没有达到且集中度还不高的产
业会受影响(小企业被关闭等等)。最后举了个欧洲电信业有 10 种不同的标准,也就是规
模效应没达到,成本可以进一步改善。围绕这个规模效应出了两道题。
有道主旨题问主要文章主要的作用是啥,基本确定要选 intra-EU trade barrier 的影响,原
文中没有直接提到 intra EU,后来看了下文章的确对比的是美国内部之间没有壁垒,稍微
有个小坑。
【考古】
阅读:一篇国际间 Trade system 的变更现象,更强调国与国之间的 interaction,举了两个 例子,一个是美国与加拿大之间的什么贸易协定,貌似叫 FTA,还有一个是欧洲联盟的 1992 年的一个 ACT,都旨在消除国与国之间的贸易壁垒,加速劳动力资本和商品的流动,可是它 们又有不同,好像是和什么保护主义有关,大概是说前者是要消除美国的保护主义,而欧洲 的那个并没有很保护主义的。。没怎么看明白,最后说,无论如何它们都推进了贸易的改革 和发现了不少问题。。
据说是这篇
As the economic role of multinational, global corporations expands, the international economic environment will be shaped increasingly not by governments or
international institutions, but by the interaction between governments and global corporations, especially in the United States, Europe, and Japan. A significant factor in this shifting world economy is the trend toward regional trading biocs of nations, which has a potentially large effect on the evolution of the world trading system. Two examples
of this trend are the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and Europe 1992, the move by the European Community (EC) to dismantle impediments to the free flow of goods, services, capital, and labor among member states by the end of 1992. However, although numerous political and economic factors were operative in launching the move to integrate the EC’s markets, concern about protectionism within the EC does not appear to have been a major consideration. This is in sharp contrast to the FTA, the overwhelming reason for that bilateral initiative was fear of increasing United
States protectionism. Nonetheless, although markedly different in origin and nature,both regional developments are highly significant in thatthey will foster integration in the
two largest and richest markets of the world, as well as provoke questions about the future direction of the world trading system.
1. The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to
(A) describe an initiative and propose its continuance
(B) chronicle a development and illustrate its inconsistencies
(C) identify a trend and suggest its importance
(D) summarize a process and question its significance
(E) report a phenomenon and outline its probable future
2. According to the passage, all of the following are elements of the shifting world economy
EXCEPT
(A) an alteration in the role played by governments
(B) an increase in interaction between national governments and international regulatory
institutions
(C) an increase in the formation of multinational trading alliances
(D) an increase in integration in the two richest markets of the world
(E) a fear of increasing United States protectionism
3. The passage suggests which of the following about global corporations?
(A) Their continued growth depends on the existence of a fully integrated international market.
(B) Their potential effect on the world market is a matter of ongoing concern to international
institutions.
(C) They will have to assume quasi-governmental functions if current economic trends continue.
(D) They have provided a model of economic success for regional trading blocs.
(E) Their influence on world economics will continue to increase
4. According to the passage, one similarity between the FTA and Europe 1992 is that they both
(A) overcame concerns about the role of politics in the shifting world economy
(B) originated out of concern over unfair trade practices by other nations
(C) exemplify a trend toward regionalization of commercial markets.
(D) place the economic needs of the trading bloc ahead of those of the member nations
(E) help to ensure the continued economic viability of the world community
5. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the European Community prior
to the adoption of the Europe 1992 program?
(A) There were restrictions on commerce between the member nations.
(B) The economic policies of the member nations focused on global trading issues.
(C) There were few impediments to trade between the member nations and the United States.
(D) The flow of goods between the member nations and Canada was insignificant.
(E) Relations between multinational corporations and the governments of the member nations
were strained.
6. The author discusses the FTA and Europe 1992 most likely in order to
(A) point out the similarities between two seemingly disparate trading alliances
(B) illustrate how different economic motivations produce different types of trading blocs
(C) provide contrasting examples of a trend that is influencing the world economy
(D) identify the most important characteristics of successful economic integration
(E) trace the history of regional trading blocs
7. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) An argument is put forth and evidence for and against it given.
(B) An assertion is made and opposing evidence presented.
(C) Two hypotheses are described and shown to inconsistent with one another.
(D) A phenomenon is identified and illustrations of this phenomenon offered.
(E) A specific case of a phenomenon is discussed a generalization drawn.
LZ说得应该是这篇了 |
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