第四章统计 1. arithmetic mean (average) 算术平均值 E=file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif 2. median 中位数 * The median is themiddle value of a list when the numbers are in order. * 先排序,后取中。
3. mode 众数 * The mode of alist of numbers is the nmuber that occurs most frequently in the list. * A list of numbers may have more than one mode. 4.expectation 期望 * 期望就是算术平均值。E 松獭n 5. deviation偏差 di=ai-E 6. variance 方差 file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.gif 7. standarddeviation 标准差 file:///C:/Users/ADMINI~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.gif标准差的大小反映的是数据的波动性。标准差越大,说明这组数据越参差不齐,越高低起伏;标准差越小,说明这组数据越接近,越统一,越整齐 反应的是数字的波动性,标准差越大数字越高地起伏。 例:Ⅰ.72,73,74,75,76 Ⅱ.74,74,74,74,74 Ⅲ.62,74,74,74,89 The data sets Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲabove are ordered from greatest standard deviation to least standard deviationin which of the following ? (A) Ⅰ,Ⅱ, Ⅲ (B) Ⅰ, Ⅲ,Ⅱ (C) Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅰ (D) Ⅲ, Ⅰ,Ⅱ (E) Ⅲ,Ⅱ, Ⅰ 8. range 范围 * 最大数减去最小数所得的差就是该组数据的范围。3 2 4 5 1 range是4 例1:150, 200,250, n Which of the followingcould be the median of the 4 integers listed above? Ⅰ. 175 Ⅱ. 215 Ⅲ. 235 分析:这四个数我们先排序,显然当n>= 250的时候,中位数最大,此时排序为150,200,250,即中位数是225。当n<=150中位数最小,此时排序为n, 150, 200, 250,中间的两个数是150和200,即中位数是175.即中位数的最大值和最小值分别是225和175,通过调整n的大小,可以取到最大值和最小值之间的任何数。
(A) Ⅰonly (B) Ⅱonly (C) Ⅰand Ⅱonly (D) Ⅱand Ⅲ only (E) Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ 例2:The least and greatest numbers in a list of 7 real numbers are 2 and20,respectively. The median of the list is 6,and the number 3 occurs most oftenin the list. Which of the following could be the average of the numbers in thelist? Ⅰ. 7 Ⅱ. 8.5 Ⅲ. 10.5
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