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15.法国妇女
v1法国妇女衣服变化了然后貌似说明社会地位提高什么的 （时间不够就扫了一下）
V2.法国服装怎么变化引起女性的地位问题
么仔细看 记不清几段了 开头说一种新的服装出现，改变了服装市场的什么，所以引起女性地位变化，这块没看懂，但是没有考点， 只是个背景。然后一个人说了什么，记不得了， 这里不重要。 然后另一个人提出不同点，说这个改变时发生在法国大革命前的（这里重要！题都在这里），革命使什么freer了。 最后一段貌似还有一个不同观点，但是我没看，因为没考点
考古
重要考古 法国女裁缝 GWD
发现女裁缝的重要考古供各位享用
RC 8法国裁缝（GWD-13-Q16 -Q19法国女裁缝行会引起男裁缝们不满）难度
版本一
说法国大革命那段时间。女人们开始穿一种新的衣服， 这种衣服的引入对于裁缝裁缝工会构成威胁，应为它让女人有更多机会参与到经济活动中. 主要说到C这个人对于这个现象的观点和传统historian不太一样。C认为这个活动在大革命之前就有了。
版本二
一篇貌似是JJ,二段。
第一段讲法国pre-Revolution时的女裁缝做出了一种新式服装，叫manteau(不知道是不是这样写的)很流行，导致女裁缝的market nich，opportunities提高，威胁了男裁缝的地位。
第二段是两个历史学家的观点，一个叫C...C...，一个叫C.. H...。先论述其中一个的观点，然后另外一个部分同意她的观点，但更进一步的阐述了女裁缝的地位变化是有经济，政治意义的。
版本三
是法国裁缝的那篇，但是和之前JJ好像有点不一样，没有deaf ear的题目，有一道主旨题，我选了描述和总结一个社会现象
版本四
法国女裁缝，讨论的是和法国大革命有关的东西，2段，主要说明一个观点，然后在第二段里面指出此观点和以前的不同之处在于对法国大革命的作用的认识不同。
版本五
有一个女裁缝的，介绍了两个人的观点，有题问他们观点的差别
版本六
法国裁缝那篇，其中一个问题搞了我半天，问CC和CH (两个学者)在什么问题上的认识不一致，选项很模糊，居然有四个提到pre-French Revolution和post-French Revolution，只是表述略有不同，每个选项都很长，大家一定要仔细看。
2008年7月JJ
柏林的裁缝联盟很不满一些新兴的私人裁缝，向政府抗议，但是没有用，政府站在这些私人裁缝一边，因为认为女人有权为女人做衣服（这些私人裁缝都是女的）
inferred问题厌私人裁缝的是什么 答案是她们的出现破坏联盟的规矩
问政府为什么支持私人 答案是女人有权为女人做衣服（一支以来十男人帮both男女做）
问联盟的抗议fall on deaf ear,这个DEAF EAR是谁的 答案是政府人员的
这几个答案我都很肯定
Old
版本1：（70H）Tailor group 反对 woman group 也能制造衣服因为这样做是打破了传统，但当地的政府却偏向woman group （考点：文中出现了一词“DEAD EAR”指的是什么， 我选的是当地的政府），后继续写这一历史变化的好处（考主题题）。
还有考到：以下那一项关于Tailor group 是正确的？
版本2：（70行）较长，但不难。我当时时间紧张，只粗略看了看，幸好问题的问法和托福差不多。讲某地的tailor抗议家庭妇女抢走了他们的活。他们认为这种行为破坏了学徒制度等等，overall某个东西（出题点）。但是他们的抱怨落到了deaf ear（出题点），政府不理睬，因为政府认为每个人都有工作的权利。
版本3：还有一篇长文章，讲某地历史上关于行业竞争的事。当地裁缝业一直有自己的规矩，裁缝铺做正装，家里的手工工人做普通装，后有一部分工人（以妇女为主）参与竞争，开始做正装，裁缝行会向政府抱怨，但政府给了他们一个deaf ear，^_^
版本4：第4篇变态的长不说，我还没有读懂，好像是说什么哪个国家裁缝在19世纪排斥女生的事情，和gwd一篇不一样，主要讲了政府对这件事的态度，问到一个healthy competition的题
版本5：男裁缝为什么这么反感妇女裁缝的地位变化，定位在末段最后一句话：与传统的行会制度背离。
答案是 私人裁缝是女的
问采风联盟最讨
2007年11月JJ
1 法国女裁缝的崛起 建议看看gwd的一篇 法国女裁缝 有一些类似词汇 短阅读
路人甲说 因为 一个新式女服装的兴起，给了法国女裁缝打破男裁缝垄断的现状，并且行会（guild）的兴起，谋求经济和政治的影响力。（有题，问说那个新式女士服装的例子是什么作用）
中间一段忘了
路人甲和路人乙的观点是一样的对于女裁缝经济的扩张，but 路人甲认为它是在法国大革命前（有题 问他们之间的分歧是什么）。因为，大革命的兴起摧毁了传统的经济制度，并且是市场 经济兴旺。但是。。。。。 并且， 行会的作用也受到的影响。逐渐削弱
GWD 原题参考 GWD13---Q16---Q19
In 1675, Louis XIV
established the Parisian
seamstresses’ guild, the first
Line
independent all-female guild
(5) created in over 200 years.
Guild members could make
and sell women’s and chil-
dren’s clothing, but were 女裁缝行业协会成立，但成员不能做法
prohibited from producing 庭女性的衣服。
(10) men’s clothing or dresses
for court women. Tailors 男裁缝不满其地位上升，而女裁缝仍旧
resented the ascension of 抱怨各种遗留的限制。
seamstresses to guild status;
seamstresses, meanwhile,
(15) were impatient with the
remaining restrictions on
their right to clothe women.现象
The conflict between 矛盾焦点不是经济方面。因为现状本已
the guilds was not purely 如此。
(20) economic, however. A 1675
police report indicated that
since so many seamstresses
were already working illegally,
the tailors were unlikely to
(25) suffer additional economic
damage because of the
seamstresses’ incorporation.
Moreover, guild membership 而且，行业协会成员对二者意义不同。
held very different meanings
(30) for tailors and seamstresses.
To the tailors, their status as 男性的行会资格与家庭主导地位重叠，
guild members overlapped 使他们可以雇请未婚女性家庭成员，以
with their role as heads of 女裁缝的身份。
household, and entitled them
(35) to employ as seamstresses
female family members who
did not marry outside the trade.
The seamstresses, however,
viewed guild membership as 女性的行会资格则体现从父系家庭中独立
(40) a mark of independence from
the patriarchal family. Their 女性行会由喜欢法律经济特权的个人组成
guild was composed not of 而不是家庭单位。
family units but of individual
women who enjoyed unusual
(45) legal and economic privileges.
导致冲突的双方不同观点
At the conflict’s center was 所以矛盾中心是：男裁缝的女性亲戚，应
the issue of whether tailors’ 看作受男行会保护的家庭成员，还是女
female relatives should be 行会授权下的独立个体。
identified as family members
(50) protected by the tailors’ guild
or as individuals under the
jurisdiction of the seam-
stresses’ guild.进一步解释冲突的本质
现象解释
1P: 1675, the first seamstresses’ guild, guild member should could make, but were prohibited from… Tailor resented, were impatient with…..
2P: the conflict between not purely economic, however. A report indicated.. Moreover, very different meanings. To tailors, overlap.. The seamstresses, however….
3P: The conflict center…
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-13-Q16:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. outline a scholarly debate over the impact of the Parisian seamstresses’ guild偏
B. summarize sources of conflict between the newly created Parisian seamstresses’ guild and the tailors’ guild
逻辑简图
C. describe opposing views concerning the origins of the Parisian seamstresses’ guild
D. explore the underlying reasons for establishing an exclusively female guild in seventeenth-century Paris不知所云
E. correct a misconception about changes in seamstresses’ economic status that took place in Paris
in the late seventeenth century
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-13-Q17:
According to the passage, one source of dissatisfaction for Parisian seamstresses after the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild was that
A. seamstresses were not allowed to make and sell clothing for all women
seamstresses, meanwhile, were impatient with the remaining restrictions on their right to clothe women.
B. tailors continued to have the exclusive legal right to clothe men
C. seamstresses who were relatives of tailors were prevented from becoming members of the seamstresses’ guild
D. rivalry between individual seamstresses increased, thus hindering their ability to compete with the tailors for business
E. seamstresses were not allowed to accept male tailors as members of the guild
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-13-Q18:
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following was true of seamstresses employed by relatives who were members of the tailors’ guild?
A. They were instrumental in convincing Louis XIV to establish the seamstresses’ guild.
B. They were rarely allowed to assist master tailors in the production of men’s clothing.
C. They were considered by some tailors to be a threat to the tailors’ monopoly.
D. They did not enjoy the same economic and legal privileges that members of the seamstresses’ guild enjoyed.
二段说seamstresses认为guild membership是独立于家族的象征
At the conflict’s center was the issue of whether tailors’ female relatives should be identified as family members protected by the tailors’ guild or as individuals under the jurisdiction of the seamstresses’ guild.
E. They felt their status as working women gave them a certain degree of independence from the patriarchal family.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-13-Q19:
The author mentions the seamstresses’ view of guild membership as a “mark of independence from the patriarchal family” (lines 40-41) primarily in order to
1. emphasize that the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild had implications that were not solely economic偏 不是行会的建立，而是冲突的原因！！
2. illustrate the conflict that existed between tailors and their female family members over membership in the tailors’ guild
3. imply that the establishment of the seamstresses’ guild ushered in a period of increased economic and social freedom for women in France
[*]provide an explanation for the dramatic increase in the number of women working as seamstresses after 1675
indicate that members of the seamstresses’ guild were financially more successful than were tailors’ female relatives protected by the tailors’ guild
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发表于 2017-3-21 21:00:10
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