请教几道题目（费费逻辑135）

NumberW

14. If thegovernment increases its funding for civilian scientific research, privatepatrons and industries will believe that such research has become primarily thegovernment’s responsibility. When they believe that research is no longerprimarily their responsibility, private patrons and industries will decreasetheir contributions toward research. Therefore, in order to keep fromdepressing the overall level of funding for civilian scientific research, thegovernment should not increase its own funding.

Which one of thefollowing is an assumption on which the argument relies?

A.      Governments should bear themajority of the financial burden of funding for civilian scientific research.

B.       Any increase in governmentfunding would displace more private funding for civilian scientific researchthan it would provide.

C.       Private donations towardresearch are no longer welcomed by researchers whose work receives governmentfunding.

D.      Civilian scientific researchcannot be conducted efficiently with more than one source of funding.

E.       funding for civilian scientificresearch is currently at the highest possible level.

参考思路：

本题指出private funding for civilian scientific research和government funding是一增一减的关系。如果两者的增长数量是一样的，则总量不会随其中之一而变化。而如果一方的变化是另一方变化量的系数倍，则总量将会受到影响

(B) Any increase in government funding would displace more privatefunding for civilian scientific research than it would provide.

这个选项指出了第二钟变化趋势。Therefore, in order to keep from depressing the overall level of funding for civilian scientificresearch, the government should not increase its own funding. 我们应该假设Any increase ingovernment funding would displace more private funding for civilian scientificresearch than it would provide.。 b is correct.

这一题配上解析看之后还是完全绕不明白。。。。B选项求大牛翻译

16. The axis ofEarth’s daily rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit at anangle of roughly 23 degrees. That angle can be kept fairly stable only by thegravitational influence of Earth’s large, nearby Moon. Without such a stableand moderate axis tilt, a planet’s climate is too extreme and unstable tosupport life. Mars, for example, has only very small moons, tilts at wildlyfluctuating angles, and cannot support life.

If thestatements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on thebasis of them?

A.      If Mars had a sufficientlylarge nearby moon, Mars would be able to support life.

B.       If Earth’s Moon were to leaveEarth’s orbit, Earth’s climate would be unable to support life.

C.       Any planet with a stable,moderate axis tilt can support life.

D.      Gravitational influences otherthan moons have little or no effect on the magnitude of the tilt angle ofeither Earth’s or Mars’s axis.

E.       No planet that has more thanone moon can support life.

参考思路：

A only by B。 B是A的必要条件, 非B推出非A。

If Earth’s Moon were to leave Earth’s orbit -----〉That angle cannotbe kept fairly stable ---à

a planet’s climate is too extreme andunstable to support life.( based on Without such a stable and moderate axistilt, a planet’s climate is too extreme and unstable to support life.)

(B) If Earth’s Moon were to leave Earth’s orbit, Earth’s climate wouldbe unable to support life.

Is correct!

此题为典型的逻辑关系推理题。

这题很神奇，我觉得AB都可以选， 题目说火星只有小的卫星，不能存在生命，那如果像地球一样有一个稳定的大的卫星，当然也可以有生命啊。。。

请各位讨论指教！！谢谢各位大神！！！

NumberW

我好像想通第二题了 A其实是一个二次推理。。。

求大神解答第一题！！！