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阅读君,大人和小孩实验 2013.11.08-2013.12.08的jj
儿童记忆和成人记忆的问题
说儿童记对于testimony的可信程度是比adult高的。因为我们回忆一件事情所利用都是brain中的两个part。儿童更加倾向与用其中一个part只是回忆事实。而成人则是更倾向于extract meaning from what has acutally happened。因此,作者认为只要我们在设计问题上合适,那么对于儿童的证词是更加有可信度的。
V2 孩子和大人的证词: p1 一般认为孩子的证词不靠谱,但新的研究发现孩子的证词其实更靠谱。因为孩子用脑袋的一部分记,大人用另一部位记 p2 有点忘了 大概是这个部位发育晚 所以小孩儿没有用 p3 当有些信息不完全的时候,大人容易把不相干的信息(有考点)混在一起记。最后一句是这个发现很重要,因为现在都依赖证词。 有weaken题目,削弱这个题目:如果接受了proper的问题,小孩儿证词更靠谱。
By 歪歪的(700)
V3 witness可信度那篇有道题很纠结:问下面哪项削弱文章的观点,即儿童回忆更准确?a. 儿童和成人的大脑improperly受伤后都 会造成false memory b.儿童大脑里产生false memory的那部分和准确记忆那部分是同时develop的,狗主后来还是选了a,因为文 章里说false那部分develop slowly By medull 700
V3 儿童与成人记忆的那篇:机经里的英文考古很给力, 有一道削弱题,说哪一个能够削弱作者的观点”儿童的证词比大人的更准确“? 我选的是儿童的回答比较容易受到调查案件的人影响吧。。应该是这个。。。 还有一个细节题,下列说法正确的是:我选的是儿童长大以后控制记忆的大脑部分会shif. By CANDICECAORUI (730 Q50 V38)
V4 testimony里面有一道题有点绕:问以下哪一个没有被作者拿来支持自己的观点(类似描述):我选了说孩子长大以后会更多(还是更少)出现在court上面
考古:
类似(By pink1113)
http://www.nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=111230
The U.S. legal system has long assumed that all testimony is not equally credible, that some witnesses are more reliable than others. In tough cases with child witnesses, it assumes adult witnesses to be more reliable. But what if the legal system had it wrong?(U.S legal system一直都认为所有的证词可信度不一样,有些目击证人更加可靠。有些棘手的案子里有着child witness,大家都认为adult witness更加可靠。但其实不然。)
Researchers Valerie Reyna, human development professor, and Chuck Brainerd, human development and law school professor -- both from Cornell University -- argue that like the two-headed Roman god Janus, memory is of two minds -- that is, memories are captured and recorded separately and differently in two distinct parts of the mind.(康奈尔的几个教授讨论到说其实大脑关于记忆有两个部分,capture和record是分开独立且不同的。)
They say children depend more heavily on a part of the mind that records, "what actually happened," while adults depend more on another part of the mind that records, "the meaning of what happened." As a result, they say, adults are more susceptible to false memories, which can be extremely problematic in court cases.(他们认为children更加依靠于“记录真实所发生”的那部分,成人更加依靠于“发生事件所带来的后果、意义”那部分。因此他们认为,adult更容易产生错误的回忆,而这会带来不好的结果。)
Reyna's and Brainerd's research, funded by the National Science Foundation, Arlington, Va., sparked more than 30 follow-up memory studies, many of them also funded by NSF. The researchers review the follow-on studies in an upcoming issue of Psychological Bulletin.(整了一个实验~)
Tis research shows that meaning-based memories are largely responsible for false memories, especially in adult witnesses. Because the ability to extract meaning from experience develops slowly, children are less likely to produce these false memories than adults, and are more likely to give accurate testimony when properly questioned.(实验结果就是证明了“meaning-based memories”更加容易产生错误的记忆,特别是adult witness。也因为缺乏extract meaning的能力,children不太容易产生错误的回忆,并且如果问题得当,child witness能提供精确的证词。)
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