【阅读】616起阅读寂静整理（7.4-00：40更新至46篇.）

kanxingxing2015

吕麦穗 发表于 2016-6-23 01:05
恩 谢谢  你知道怎么看以前的寂静吗？

http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-420286-1-1.html

kanxingxing2015

yixuanliu 发表于 2016-6-23 12:40
加拿大出租车的发展是今年二月的寂静
P1 1920年以前加拿大的出租车行业管制很严格，坐出租车的都是社会名流 ...

太感谢了！！！已经补充考古了。

kanxingxing2015

小米新新 发表于 2016-6-23 02:40
"发展中国的成功企业为促进可持续增
长而做了些什么。

请问这是今天的狗吗？我考古找到企业环境保护那篇，能确认下对不对吗？多谢!

吕麦穗

kanxingxing2015 发表于 2016-6-23 21:42
http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-420286-1-1.html

谢谢！！！！！

小米新新

kanxingxing2015 发表于 2016-6-23 22:16
请问这是今天的狗吗？我考古找到企业环境保护那篇，能确认下对不对吗？多谢! ...

不好意思这是之前找到的原文的那片的翻译。我就是总结了一下大概段落。。。我还没考。。。

lyf6699lyq

623下午场 护士那篇又出现了，频次可以加1.还有一篇可以加1的是企业硬软件，鸡精序号25.
段落一，计算机在发展，计算机单个售价降低，但人们愿意花更多的钱去买
段落二，时间点1990.说硬件在发展，但是软件跟不上，计算机有两种用途，一种是capability（硬件），另一种是utlity（软件，使用程度），虽然硬件在发展，甚至发展到了很高水平，但有的时候并没有满足客户一些交互需求，并没有将其运用好。
段落三，举了个例子。company I 和company 兔。I公司就能很好的运用软件，达到客户期望的。然而另一个开发出的产品只能在自己电脑上运行，广度不够，所以渐渐失去了市场份额。（这里一块有考题，问公司2要怎么办，怎么扭转局面）

小鸵鸟103

27、地壳碰撞那篇今天在prep里做过：

Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that the two giant rock plates meeting at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction as they grind past eachother, but in 1965 Henyey found that temperatures in drill holes near the fault were not as elevated as had been expected. Some geologists wondered whether the absence of friction-generated heat could be explained by the kinds of rock composing the fault. Geologists' pre-1965 assumptions concerning heat generated in the fault were based on calculations about common varieties of rocks, such as limestone and granite; but "weaker" materials, such as clays, had already been identified in samples retrieved from the fault zone. Under normal conditions, rocks composed of clay produce far less friction than do other rock types.

In 1992 Byerlee tested whether these materials would produce friction 10 to 15 kilometers below the Earth's surface. Byerlee found that when clay samples were subjected to the thousands of atmospheres of pressure they would encounter deep inside the Earth, they produced as much friction as was produced by other rock types. The harder rocks push against each other, the hotter they become; in other words, pressure itself, not only the rocks' properties, affects frictional heating. Geologists therefore wondered whether the friction between the plates was being reduced by pockets of pressurized water within the fault that push the plates away from each other.

小鸵鸟103

27、地壳碰撞 那篇今天在prep里做过，难道考试时还能碰到prep里的题？文章大意是：
P1：科学家发现在板块段层处的温度的没有像想象中一样上升。G说可能因为那里的黏土产生的摩擦比石头产生的摩擦少很多
P2：B做了实验。。。说明了黏土产生的热量没有比石头少。因此地理学家又猜想是不是段层处的水造成的。
prep原文如下：
Prior to 1965 geologists assumed that the two giant rock plates meeting at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction as they grind past eachother, but in 1965 Henyey found that temperatures in drill holes near the fault were not as elevated as had been expected. Some geologists wondered whether the absence of friction-generated heat could be explained by the kinds of rock composing the fault. Geologists' pre-1965 assumptions concerning heat generated in the fault were based on calculations about common varieties of rocks, such as limestone and granite; but "weaker" materials, such as clays, had already been identified in samples retrieved from the fault zone. Under normal conditions, rocks composed of clay produce far less friction than do other rock types.

In 1992 Byerlee tested whether these materials would produce friction 10 to 15 kilometers below the Earth's surface. Byerlee found that when clay samples were subjected to the thousands of atmospheres of pressure they would encounter deep inside the Earth, they produced as much friction as was produced by other rock types. The harder rocks push against each other, the hotter they become; in other words, pressure itself, not only the rocks' properties, affects frictional heating. Geologists therefore wondered whether the friction between the plates was being reduced by pockets of pressurized water within the fault that push the plates away from each other.

The passage suggests which of the following regarding Henyey's findings about temperature in the San Andreas Fault?（A）

• AScientists have yet to formulate a definitive explanation for Henyey's findings.
• BRecent research suggests that Henyey's explanation for the findings should be modified.
• CHenyey's findings had to be recalculated in light of Byerlee's 1992 experiment.
• DHenyey's findings provided support for an assumption long held by geologists.
• EScientists have been unable to duplicate Henyey's findings using more recent experimental methods
  

The passage is primarily concerned with（B）

• Aevaluating a method used to test a particular scientific hypothesis
• Bdiscussing explanations for an unexpected scientific finding
• Cexamining the assumptions underlying a particular experiment
• Dquestioning the validity of a scientific finding
• Epresenting evidence to support a recent scientific hypothesis
  

The passage mostly agree that Heney's findings about temperature in the San Andreas Fault made the greatest contribution in that they（D）

• Arevealed an error in previous measurements of temperature in the San Andreas Fault zone
• Bindicated the types of clay present in the rocks that form the San Andreas Fault
• Cestablished the superiority of a particular technique for evaluating data concerning friction in the San Andreas Fault
• Dsuggested that geologists had inaccurately assumed that giant rock plates that meet at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction
• Econfirmed geologists' assumptions about the amount of friction generated by common varieties of rocks, such as limestone and granite
  

shushutrain

38 找到一些疑似背景资料

DNA Found in Drinking Water Could Aid Germs


DNA that helps make germs resistant to medicines may increasingly be appearing as a pollutant in the water.

This DNA was found "even in treated drinking water," researcher Amy Pruden, an environmental engineer at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, told LiveScience.

The spread of this DNA could exacerbate the already growing problem of drug resistance among potentially infectious microbes. Diseases once considered eradicated, such as tuberculosis, are making alarming comebacks. Currently, more than two million Americans are infected each year by resistant germs, and 14,000 die as a result, the World Health Organization reports.

"I personally have known people with antibiotic-resistant infections, and they can be very scary," Pruden said.

Resistant microbes

While antibiotics kill off many germs that have no resistance against them, they also prompt the spread of microbes that are resistant. The over-prescription or other improper use of these drugs helps these resistant infections emerge, but experts also note that up to 95 percent of antibiotics are excreted by humans and animals unaltered, seeping into the environment and encouraging antibiotic resistance there.

Pruden's new research did not focus on the presence of antibiotics in the environment. Instead, she looked for the presence of genes that help confer drug resistance to the germs in the first place. Bacterial genes are encoded as DNA, and microbes often swap genes with each other. In principle, antibiotic-resistance genes could persist and spread long after the drugs they target have dissipated.

"The spread of antibiotic-resistance genes in the environment is undesirable, just as is that of any other pollutant, such as PCBs or mercury," Pruden said.

Pruden and her colleagues focused on genes conferring resistance against two antibiotics, tetracycline and sulfonamide, which are linked to urban and farm activity. They investigated a range of northern Colorado waters, from relatively pristine river sediments to water from dairy lagoons to irrigation ditches. They also looked at water from drinking-water treatment plants and effluents from a wastewater recycling plant.

Everywhere

The levels of antibiotic-resistance genes were hundreds to thousands of times higher in waters directly impacted by urban or farm activity than in relatively pristine waters. Still, the researchers discovered the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes in all the waters they investigated.

"Wastewater treatment systems are not designed to treat antibiotic-resistance genes. The treated effluent is usually chlorinated, but even though this inactivates bacteria, it does not destroy DNA," Pruden explained. The DNA they found likely is inside dead or living cells, although it is possible it is floating in the water outside cells.

The researchers will further investigate what other antibiotic-resistance genes are present in the environment, such as ones against vancomycin, often considered the most powerful antibiotic of last resort. They will also explore ways to modify wastewater treatment plants to help them destroy DNA.

Pruden and her colleagues reported their findings online this month via the journal Environmental Science & Technology.

shell_liu

感觉Europa这篇很像OG第四篇，原文如下：
（但是我难以置信GMAT会懒到这个地步。。。
Io and Europa, the inner two of Jupiter’s four largest moons, are about the
size of Earth’s moon and are composed mostly or entirely of rock and metal.
Ganymede and Callisto are larger and roughly half ice. Thus, these four
moons are somewhat analogous to the planets of the solar system, in which
the rock- and metal-rich inner planets are distinct from the much larger gasand
ice-rich outer planets. Jupiter’s moons are, however, more “systematic”:
many of their properties vary continuously with distance from Jupiter. For
example, Io is ice-free, Europa has a surface shell of ice, and while Ganymede
and Callisto are both ice-rich, outermost Callisto has more.
This compositional gradient has geological parallels. Io is extremely
geologically active, Europa seems to be active on a more modest scale, and
Ganymede has undergone bouts of activity in its geological past. Only Callisto
reveals no geological activity. In similar fashion, Callisto’s surface is very
heavily cratered from the impact of comets and asteroids; Ganymede, like
Earth’s moon, is heavily cratered in parts; Europa is very lightly cratered; and
no craters have been detected on Io, even though Jupiter’s gravity attracts
comets and asteroids passing near it, substantially increasing the
bombardment rate of the inner moons compared to that of the outer ones. But
because of Io’s high degree of geological activity, its surface undergoes moreor-
less continuous volcanic resurfacing.